Costs and Returns Survey of Palay Production by Seed Type and Class 2005
Philippines, 2005
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Reference ID
PHL_2005_CRSPPSTC_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Producer(s)
Bureau of Agricultural Statistics
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Metadata
Created on
May 29, 2020
Last modified
Jan 31, 2023
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Identification
Survey ID Number
PHL_2005_CRSPPSTC_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
Costs and Returns Survey of Palay Production by Seed Type and Class 2005
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Philippines | PHL |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Series Information
This is the third in the series of surveys on the costs and returns of palay production which is being implemented by the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS). The survey which was conducted in 2005 focused on cost of production of palay by seed type and class in the three major producing provinces. Funds for this survey came from Ginintuang Masaganang Ani (GMA) Rice Program of the Department of Agriculture (DA). The BAS forerunner, Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAEcon) had also conducted Costs and Returns Surveys (CRS). The BAS ran its first CRS in January 1992 with 1991 as the reference period covering only one round or the last cropping season. This was funded by Agrarian Reform project alloted to the Department of Agriculture. The survey aimed to establish the costs and returns structure of palay production by farm type (irrigated, rainfed and upland) at the regional level. The second survey was conducted in two rounds covering the period January to December 2002. Financial support was provided by the Grains Sector Development Program (GSDP) of the Department of Agriculture. It was designed to generate the production cost and returns of irrigated and non-irrigated palay for the dry and wet seasons at the regional and provincial levels.
Abstract
There has been an increasing demand for data on the costs and returns of palay production by seed classification. This information will help not only the farmers but also other agribusiness players who are interested to venture in palay production. Moreover, it guides planners and policy makers in the agriculture sector in the design and implementation of development programs and projects related to palay production.
The survey aimed to generate data on production costs and returns for palay by seed type and class, determine indicators of profitability such as gross and net returns, returns above cash costs, returns above variable costs etc, and determine the average usage of material and labor inputs and other socio-economic variables related to palay production.
The survey aimed to generate data on production costs and returns for palay by seed type and class, determine indicators of profitability such as gross and net returns, returns above cash costs, returns above variable costs etc, and determine the average usage of material and labor inputs and other socio-economic variables related to palay production.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Agricultural holdings
Scope
Notes
The survey focused on generating costs and returns structure of palay production by farm type and by seed type and class. The scope of the survey included the following:
- Characteristics of the farmers such as age, palay farming experience and highest educational attainment.
- Farm characteristics such as total farm area and palay area, number of cropping's per year, type, class and variety of palay seeds planted, source of seeds, type of palay farm, tenurial status, major source of irrigation, month and area planted and harvested.
- Farm investments such as inventory of farm investments used, year and cost of acquisition, repairs and improvement cost and estimated life and usage in palay farm
- Material inputs such as usage and cost of seeds, fertilizers, soil ameliorants, insecticides, herbicides/weedicides, fungicides, rodenticides and molluscicides.
- Labor inputs such as labor utilization (in terms of man days) and labor cost by type of farming activity, by source of labor and by sex and food cost incurred
- Other production costs such as cash and non-cash payments for land tax, land lease/rental, rental value of owned land, rentals of machine and animals, fuel and oil, transport costs of inputs, irrigation fee, interest payment on crop loans and other production costs.
- Production and disposition such as volume of palay production and its disposition in terms of sold, harvesters' share, threshers' share, other laborers' share, landowners' share, lease/rental, for home consumption, given away, used/to be used for seeds and feeds, irrigation fee, wastage and other purposes.
- Problems encountered such as problems affecting production and production losses
- Recommendations for the improvement of palay production
- Other information on hybrid and inbred seeds usage such as years of planting hybrid seeds, variety used, area harvested, volume of production, reasons for shift from hybrid to inbred seeds
- Characteristics of the farmers such as age, palay farming experience and highest educational attainment.
- Farm characteristics such as total farm area and palay area, number of cropping's per year, type, class and variety of palay seeds planted, source of seeds, type of palay farm, tenurial status, major source of irrigation, month and area planted and harvested.
- Farm investments such as inventory of farm investments used, year and cost of acquisition, repairs and improvement cost and estimated life and usage in palay farm
- Material inputs such as usage and cost of seeds, fertilizers, soil ameliorants, insecticides, herbicides/weedicides, fungicides, rodenticides and molluscicides.
- Labor inputs such as labor utilization (in terms of man days) and labor cost by type of farming activity, by source of labor and by sex and food cost incurred
- Other production costs such as cash and non-cash payments for land tax, land lease/rental, rental value of owned land, rentals of machine and animals, fuel and oil, transport costs of inputs, irrigation fee, interest payment on crop loans and other production costs.
- Production and disposition such as volume of palay production and its disposition in terms of sold, harvesters' share, threshers' share, other laborers' share, landowners' share, lease/rental, for home consumption, given away, used/to be used for seeds and feeds, irrigation fee, wastage and other purposes.
- Problems encountered such as problems affecting production and production losses
- Recommendations for the improvement of palay production
- Other information on hybrid and inbred seeds usage such as years of planting hybrid seeds, variety used, area harvested, volume of production, reasons for shift from hybrid to inbred seeds
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National Coverage
Universe
The survey covered all palay farms with harvest during the reference period July 2004 to June 2005
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Bureau of Agricultural Statistics | Department of Agriculture |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Department of Agriculture | DA | Funding Source |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| National Statistical Coordination Board | Survey Clearance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The survey covered 630 sample palay farmers broken down as follows: Nueva Ecija - 240; Leyte - 270; Davao del Norte - 120. The domain of the study was the province, with the last completed normal cropping within July 2004 to June 2005 as the reference period. Farmers who harvested palay during the reference period were the target samples for the survey.
A three-stage sampling design was employed with the municipality as the primary sampling unit, barangay as the secondary sampling unit and the palay farmer as the ultimate sampling unit. The procedures used in the sample selection were as follows:
1. In each province, information on palay physical area, total number of palay farmers, and coverage in the GMA-Rice Program by municipality were gathered from the concerned provincial operations centers (POC) with Office of the Provincial Agriculturist (OPAG), Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO) and the 1999 Barangay Screening Survey (BSS) as data sources.
2. The sample municipalities were drawn using probability proportional to size (PPS) based on physical area.
3. In the selected municipalities, barangay-level information was obtained using the key informant approach. These information included physical area of palay farms, coverage or non-coverage of the barangay in the GMA-Rice Program, number of beneficiaries of the GMA-Rice Program, percentage adoption by seed type/class, availability of irrigation facilities, anticipated field operational problems and indication whether the barangay was affected by any calamity during the reference period. Four seed classes/types were considered, namely: Hybrid, Inbred Modern Certified, Inbred Modern Farmer's Produce and Inbred Traditional
4. Based on the information obtained in (3), area used per seed type/class was derived. The barangays were arranged in descending order of area devoted to the seed type and class, then the sample barangays per seed group were identified. Sample sizes were determined such that the number of sampled palay farmers per barangay was 10 and the number of sample barangays was equally allocated to the different seed groups in the province. This allocation was used since there was no sound basis on the true distribution of usage of each seed type and class in the province. However, adjustment in the distribution of samples was made depending on the actual situation in the province as verified during the data collection.
5. Independent sets of sample barangays were selected from each seed group based on the following criteria:
- having higher palay physical area devoted to the seed type and class;
- with minimal field operation problems; and
- not damaged by any calamity throughout the reference period.
This procedure implied that a barangay can be identified as sample in at least one seed group.
6. Selection of sample farmers was done during data collection using the snowball approach. This procedure entailed looking for the first potential sample farmer then searching for the rest based on referrals of the previous samples. This was done by first obtaining the names and addresses of palay farmers living in the barangay from the office of the barangay captain or any barangay key informant during the conduct of the survey. From this list, the enumerator selected any palay farmer as the first potential sample, or, if no list was available, information on one palay farmer as a potential sample will do. A set of screening questions was used by the enumerator for this purpose. Qualified sample farmers were interviewed using the CRS questionnaire and his name and address were written in the CRS List of Sample Palay Farmers.
A three-stage sampling design was employed with the municipality as the primary sampling unit, barangay as the secondary sampling unit and the palay farmer as the ultimate sampling unit. The procedures used in the sample selection were as follows:
1. In each province, information on palay physical area, total number of palay farmers, and coverage in the GMA-Rice Program by municipality were gathered from the concerned provincial operations centers (POC) with Office of the Provincial Agriculturist (OPAG), Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO) and the 1999 Barangay Screening Survey (BSS) as data sources.
2. The sample municipalities were drawn using probability proportional to size (PPS) based on physical area.
3. In the selected municipalities, barangay-level information was obtained using the key informant approach. These information included physical area of palay farms, coverage or non-coverage of the barangay in the GMA-Rice Program, number of beneficiaries of the GMA-Rice Program, percentage adoption by seed type/class, availability of irrigation facilities, anticipated field operational problems and indication whether the barangay was affected by any calamity during the reference period. Four seed classes/types were considered, namely: Hybrid, Inbred Modern Certified, Inbred Modern Farmer's Produce and Inbred Traditional
4. Based on the information obtained in (3), area used per seed type/class was derived. The barangays were arranged in descending order of area devoted to the seed type and class, then the sample barangays per seed group were identified. Sample sizes were determined such that the number of sampled palay farmers per barangay was 10 and the number of sample barangays was equally allocated to the different seed groups in the province. This allocation was used since there was no sound basis on the true distribution of usage of each seed type and class in the province. However, adjustment in the distribution of samples was made depending on the actual situation in the province as verified during the data collection.
5. Independent sets of sample barangays were selected from each seed group based on the following criteria:
- having higher palay physical area devoted to the seed type and class;
- with minimal field operation problems; and
- not damaged by any calamity throughout the reference period.
This procedure implied that a barangay can be identified as sample in at least one seed group.
6. Selection of sample farmers was done during data collection using the snowball approach. This procedure entailed looking for the first potential sample farmer then searching for the rest based on referrals of the previous samples. This was done by first obtaining the names and addresses of palay farmers living in the barangay from the office of the barangay captain or any barangay key informant during the conduct of the survey. From this list, the enumerator selected any palay farmer as the first potential sample, or, if no list was available, information on one palay farmer as a potential sample will do. A set of screening questions was used by the enumerator for this purpose. Qualified sample farmers were interviewed using the CRS questionnaire and his name and address were written in the CRS List of Sample Palay Farmers.
Deviations from the Sample Design
The targetted number of sample farmers for each province was followed. However, the distribution of farmers to be covered per seed class/type was not met since no sample farmer using tradtional seeds was enumerated. Only the three (3) seed classes /types such as hybrid, inbred modern certified and inbred modern farmers' produce were covered. Adjustment in the distribution of samples was made depending on the actual situation in the province as verified during the data collection.
Response Rate
Response rate of 100 percent
Weighting
No information provided
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2005-09-07 | 2005-09-18 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face paper [f2f]
Data Processing
Data Editing
During and after data collection, the data collectors checked the completeness, consistency and acceptability of the information collected. The questionnaires were edited manually at the Provincial Operations Center (POC) based on the established CRS field office editing guidelines prepared by the Central Office.
The edited questionnaires were again checked at the Central Office. Further editing and coding were done using the CRS central office editing and coding guidelines. A training on this aspect was conducted. After data encoding at the Central Office, these passed through computerized editing program which checked the consistencies of the encoded data and validation of entries. The criteria used was the same with that in the manual editing. An error list was produced to capture errors overlooked during manual editing. This was undertaken to ensure the accuracy of data entry. Unreasonable answers were reviewed and verified against the questionnaire.
The Field Office Editing Guidelines contained in the Manual of Operation and Central Office Editing and Coding Guidelines are provided as External Resources.
The edited questionnaires were again checked at the Central Office. Further editing and coding were done using the CRS central office editing and coding guidelines. A training on this aspect was conducted. After data encoding at the Central Office, these passed through computerized editing program which checked the consistencies of the encoded data and validation of entries. The criteria used was the same with that in the manual editing. An error list was produced to capture errors overlooked during manual editing. This was undertaken to ensure the accuracy of data entry. Unreasonable answers were reviewed and verified against the questionnaire.
The Field Office Editing Guidelines contained in the Manual of Operation and Central Office Editing and Coding Guidelines are provided as External Resources.
Data Appraisal
Data Appraisal
A project team was organized to review and analyze the result of the survey. The acceptability of data was assessed, compared and validated with the result of the 2002 Costs and Returns of Palay Production and other related studies on input usage, labor utilization, production cost and return structure of palay by seed class and by farm type.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Chief, Agricultural Accounts and Statistical Indicators Division | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics | [email protected] |
| Chief, Information and Communications Technology Division | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics | [email protected] |
Confidentiality
The Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) strictly observes the confidentiality of data. As stated in the BAS' survey questionnaires and the forms relevant to the conduct of any statistical inquiry, data provided by the respondents shall be used solely for statistical purposes.
Access conditions
The datasets of this study are categorized under licensed files. Access to licensed datasets is through request and is only granted to Data Users/Researchers with a legally registered sponsoring agency (university, company, research centre, national or international organization, etc.).
The Data Users/Researchers must agree to comply with the following:
1. Fill up a Data Access Agreement that will be provided.
2. Copies of the restricted data or any data created on the basis of the original data will not be copied or made available to anyone other than those mentioned in this Data Access Agreement, unless formally authorized by the BAS.
3. The data will only be processed for the stated statistical purpose in the agreement and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations. Data will not in any way be used for any administrative, proprietary or law enforcement purposes.
4. The dataset must not be made to match with other datasets.
5. The Data Users/Researchers shall not attempt to identify any individual person, family, business, enterprise or organization. If such a unique disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made as to the identity of any person or establishment discovered. The identification will not be revealed to any other person not included in the Data Access Agreement.
6. The Data Users/Researchers must observe security measures to prevent unauthorized access to licensed microdata acquired from the BAS. The microdata must be destroyed upon the completion of their research. Destruction of the microdata will be confirmed in writing by the Data Users/Researchers to the BAS.
7. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the BAS/BAS Electronic Archiving and Network Services (BEANS) will cite the source of data in accordance with the citation requirement provided with the dataset.
8. If there are any changes or additional requirements in the orginal request, the Data User/Researcher must apply for another request.
9. Breaches of the Data Access Agreement will be taken seriously and the BAS will take action against those responsible for the lapses if wilful or accidental. Failure to comply with the directions of the BAS will be deemed to be a major breach of the agreement and may involve recourse to legal proceedings. The BAS will maintain and share with partner data archives a record of those individuals and organizations which are responsible for breaching the terms of the Data Access Agreement and will impose sanctions on release of future data to these parties.
The Data Users/Researchers must agree to comply with the following:
1. Fill up a Data Access Agreement that will be provided.
2. Copies of the restricted data or any data created on the basis of the original data will not be copied or made available to anyone other than those mentioned in this Data Access Agreement, unless formally authorized by the BAS.
3. The data will only be processed for the stated statistical purpose in the agreement and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations. Data will not in any way be used for any administrative, proprietary or law enforcement purposes.
4. The dataset must not be made to match with other datasets.
5. The Data Users/Researchers shall not attempt to identify any individual person, family, business, enterprise or organization. If such a unique disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made as to the identity of any person or establishment discovered. The identification will not be revealed to any other person not included in the Data Access Agreement.
6. The Data Users/Researchers must observe security measures to prevent unauthorized access to licensed microdata acquired from the BAS. The microdata must be destroyed upon the completion of their research. Destruction of the microdata will be confirmed in writing by the Data Users/Researchers to the BAS.
7. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the BAS/BAS Electronic Archiving and Network Services (BEANS) will cite the source of data in accordance with the citation requirement provided with the dataset.
8. If there are any changes or additional requirements in the orginal request, the Data User/Researcher must apply for another request.
9. Breaches of the Data Access Agreement will be taken seriously and the BAS will take action against those responsible for the lapses if wilful or accidental. Failure to comply with the directions of the BAS will be deemed to be a major breach of the agreement and may involve recourse to legal proceedings. The BAS will maintain and share with partner data archives a record of those individuals and organizations which are responsible for breaching the terms of the Data Access Agreement and will impose sanctions on release of future data to these parties.
Citation requirements
As specified in the agreement under access conditions, users are required to cite the source of data in accordance with the citation requirement provided with the dataset. The citation requirement for this study is as follows:
"Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Costs and Returns Survey of Palay Production by Seed Type and Class, Version 2.0 of the licensed dataset 2005, provided by the BAS Electronic Archiving and Network Services. http://beans.bas.gov.ph"
"Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Costs and Returns Survey of Palay Production by Seed Type and Class, Version 2.0 of the licensed dataset 2005, provided by the BAS Electronic Archiving and Network Services. http://beans.bas.gov.ph"
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The data users/researchers acknowledge that the BAS and the agency funding the study bear no liabilities and responsibilities for any particular, indirect, or consequential damages or any damages, whatsoever resulting from loss of use, or of data in connection with the use or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_PHL_2005_CRSPPSTC_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | OCS | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata adapted for FAM |
| Maria Carol Duran | CGD | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) | Documentation of study |
| Ana M. Eusebio | AME | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) | Reviewer |
| Maura S. Lizarondo | MSL | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) | Reviewer |
DDI Document version
PHL_2005_CRSPPSTC_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01