Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation Project Impact Evaluation 2014
Rwanda, 2014
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Reference ID
RWA_2014_LWH-W3_v01_EN_M_V01_A_OCS
Producer(s)
Florence Kondylis, Maria Jones, Saahil Karpe
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Metadata
Created on
Sep 15, 2020
Last modified
Nov 08, 2022
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Identification
Survey ID Number
RWA_2014_LWH-W3_v01_EN_M_V01_A_OCS
Title
Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation Project Impact Evaluation 2014
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Rwanda | RWA |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Series Information
This is the third wave of the impact evaluation of the Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting, and Hillside Irrigation (LWH) Project, conducted between May and August 2012.
Abstract
Agriculture is a major engine of the Rwandan economy and remains a priority sector in the Government of Rwanda's goals of reducing poverty and achieving food security through commercialized agriculture. Sustainable improvement to agricultural productivity is the only way to achieve this target, calling for investments in participatory land management, water harvesting and intensified irrigation of the hillsides. The Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation (LWH) project has been working to meet these goals.
Evaluating the overall impact of LWH is important to allow Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRIs) to effectively plan for its future activities. LWH covers a relatively small area of 30,250 ha, eventually affecting approximately 20 watersheds. From the perspective of MINAGRI, LWH can be seen as a pilot program for comprehensive agricultural overhaul. LWH includes major infrastructure investments such as hillside terracing, irrigation dams, and post-harvest storage. The project aims to operationalize MINAGRIs strategy to encourage mono cropping of cash crops, as opposed to the traditional system of inter-cropping for household consumption.
LWH has been rolled out in three phases: implementation in the fourth Phase. Phase 1A sites began in 2010, in the three Phase 1B sites in 2012, and in the Phase 1C sites in late 2013.
There have been five surveys for this project including baselines and four follow-ups. There were two sample groups: 1B and 1C. For the 1B sample group, the baseline was conducted in 2012, and follow-up surveys in 2013, 2014, and 2016. For the 1C sample, the baseline was implemented in 2014, and a follow-up in 2016. The data file documented here is from the third follow-up survey.
The datasets from all the surveys till now are all published in the Microdata Library of the World Bank with the following study IDs:
1) The baseline, the first and the second follow-up surveys: RWA_2012-2016_LWHIE-BL-F2_v01_M
2) The third follow-up survey: RWA_2014_LWHIE-F3_v01_M
3) The fourth follow-up survey: RWA_2016_LWHIE-F4_v01_M
Evaluating the overall impact of LWH is important to allow Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRIs) to effectively plan for its future activities. LWH covers a relatively small area of 30,250 ha, eventually affecting approximately 20 watersheds. From the perspective of MINAGRI, LWH can be seen as a pilot program for comprehensive agricultural overhaul. LWH includes major infrastructure investments such as hillside terracing, irrigation dams, and post-harvest storage. The project aims to operationalize MINAGRIs strategy to encourage mono cropping of cash crops, as opposed to the traditional system of inter-cropping for household consumption.
LWH has been rolled out in three phases: implementation in the fourth Phase. Phase 1A sites began in 2010, in the three Phase 1B sites in 2012, and in the Phase 1C sites in late 2013.
There have been five surveys for this project including baselines and four follow-ups. There were two sample groups: 1B and 1C. For the 1B sample group, the baseline was conducted in 2012, and follow-up surveys in 2013, 2014, and 2016. For the 1C sample, the baseline was implemented in 2014, and a follow-up in 2016. The data file documented here is from the third follow-up survey.
The datasets from all the surveys till now are all published in the Microdata Library of the World Bank with the following study IDs:
1) The baseline, the first and the second follow-up surveys: RWA_2012-2016_LWHIE-BL-F2_v01_M
2) The third follow-up survey: RWA_2014_LWHIE-F3_v01_M
3) The fourth follow-up survey: RWA_2016_LWHIE-F4_v01_M
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Households
Scope
Notes
The scope of the study includes:
- Access to various forms of extension services
- Adoption of agricultural technologies and improved farming methods
- Use of irrigation
- Crop cultivation decisions
- Total harvests
- Expenditure on inputs
- Total sales
- Non-farm income
- Food consumption and security
- Usage of services from formal financial institutions
- Access to various forms of extension services
- Adoption of agricultural technologies and improved farming methods
- Use of irrigation
- Crop cultivation decisions
- Total harvests
- Expenditure on inputs
- Total sales
- Non-farm income
- Food consumption and security
- Usage of services from formal financial institutions
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Agriculture & Rural Development | FAO |
| Food (production, crisis) | FAO |
| Land (policy, resource management) | FAO |
| Water | FAO |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Regional
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Florence Kondylis | The World Bank |
| Maria Jones | The World Bank |
| Saahil Karpe | The World Bank |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Global Agriculture Food Security Program | GAFSP | Funded the study |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
There were two baseline surveys, one for the 1B sample group and another for the 1C sample group.
1B sample:
A baseline survey was implemented in three 1B LWH project sites. Rwamagana-34, Rwamagana-35 and Kayonza-4, and three control sites were selected by pairwise-matching. The sample was designed to meet three criteria: geographic representation at the site-level, inclusion of multiple members of farmer groups within sites, and sufficient size to power tests of variations in treatment within the Phase 1B sites.
To meet these criteria, sampling was done through a two-stage process. In the first stage, researchers randomly sampled "seed" households, stratified by village. The total number of "seed" households varied by treatment status. For treatment sites, the number of "seeds" depended on the estimated number of Self-help Group (SHG), calculated based on the site population and the typical size of SHGs, which is 20 households. For control sites, the number of "seeds" was set at 25, which provided sufficient power for the measurement of overall project impact.
In the second stage, researchers asked each "seed" farmer to list four "plot neighbours", i.e. people who have contiguous or near-contiguous plots to his own. These four people were added to the survey sample, and the five respondents together constitute a synthetic SHG. Since the SHGs are formed based on proximity of agricultural land, households in synthetic SHGs are likely to be assigned into a single farmer group. Comparison sites were elected using pair-wise matching, from a list of sites considered eligible to receive LWH but that will not receive the project.
1C sample:
A baseline survey was implemented in four 1C LWH project sites. The LWH Project works at a site level (the valley and surrounding hills chosen for the intervention). The LWH project implemented different activities at different areas within the site: Command Area, Command Area Catchment, and Water Catchment areas. Because Phase 1C site Gicumbi was only receiving land husbandry interventions, the sample was taken only from the Water Catchment area of the site. At Muyanza site, the full portfolio of LWH interventions to be implemented, as reflected in the sampling across the different areas. Comparison sites were selected using pair-wise matching, from a list of sites considered eligible for the LWH project but not to receive the project. Extensive data was recorded for the sites considered eligible for the project, including data on geography, weather and land use patterns, making the identification of such matching sites possible.
1B sample:
A baseline survey was implemented in three 1B LWH project sites. Rwamagana-34, Rwamagana-35 and Kayonza-4, and three control sites were selected by pairwise-matching. The sample was designed to meet three criteria: geographic representation at the site-level, inclusion of multiple members of farmer groups within sites, and sufficient size to power tests of variations in treatment within the Phase 1B sites.
To meet these criteria, sampling was done through a two-stage process. In the first stage, researchers randomly sampled "seed" households, stratified by village. The total number of "seed" households varied by treatment status. For treatment sites, the number of "seeds" depended on the estimated number of Self-help Group (SHG), calculated based on the site population and the typical size of SHGs, which is 20 households. For control sites, the number of "seeds" was set at 25, which provided sufficient power for the measurement of overall project impact.
In the second stage, researchers asked each "seed" farmer to list four "plot neighbours", i.e. people who have contiguous or near-contiguous plots to his own. These four people were added to the survey sample, and the five respondents together constitute a synthetic SHG. Since the SHGs are formed based on proximity of agricultural land, households in synthetic SHGs are likely to be assigned into a single farmer group. Comparison sites were elected using pair-wise matching, from a list of sites considered eligible to receive LWH but that will not receive the project.
1C sample:
A baseline survey was implemented in four 1C LWH project sites. The LWH Project works at a site level (the valley and surrounding hills chosen for the intervention). The LWH project implemented different activities at different areas within the site: Command Area, Command Area Catchment, and Water Catchment areas. Because Phase 1C site Gicumbi was only receiving land husbandry interventions, the sample was taken only from the Water Catchment area of the site. At Muyanza site, the full portfolio of LWH interventions to be implemented, as reflected in the sampling across the different areas. Comparison sites were selected using pair-wise matching, from a list of sites considered eligible for the LWH project but not to receive the project. Extensive data was recorded for the sites considered eligible for the project, including data on geography, weather and land use patterns, making the identification of such matching sites possible.
Weighting
No information. Refer to dataset provided on World Bank Data
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2014-05-24 | 2014-08-20 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Data Processing
Data Editing
First and second data entries were compared, and all discrepancies corrected through manual checks of the hard-copy questionnaires. In some cases, the field team was sent back to the field for verification. All data was collected electronically on tablet computers using Open Data Kit/SurveyCTO.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Florence Kondylis | The World Bank | [email protected] |
| Maria Jones | The World Bank | [email protected] |
| Saahil Karpe | The World Bank | [email protected] |
Confidentiality
The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO
Access conditions
Micro datasets disseminated by FAO shall only be allowed for research and statistical purposes. Any user which requests access working for a commercial company will not be granted access to any micro dataset regardless of their specified purpose. Users requesting access to any datasets must agree to the following minimal conditions:
- The micro dataset will only be used for statistical and/or research purposes;
- Any results derived from the micro dataset will be used solely for reporting aggregated information, and not for any specific individual entities or data subjects;
- The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO;
- The micro dataset cannot be re-disseminated by users or shared with anyone other than the individuals that are granted access to the micro dataset by FAO.
- The micro dataset will only be used for statistical and/or research purposes;
- Any results derived from the micro dataset will be used solely for reporting aggregated information, and not for any specific individual entities or data subjects;
- The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO;
- The micro dataset cannot be re-disseminated by users or shared with anyone other than the individuals that are granted access to the micro dataset by FAO.
Citation requirements
The use of the datasets must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name);
- the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation;
- the survey reference number;
- the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online).
Example:
Florence Kondylis, Maria Jones, Saahil Karpe, World Bank. Rwanda Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation Project Impact Evaluation 2014, Third Follow-up Survey (LWHIE-F3 2014), Ref. RWA_2014_LWHIE-F3_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
- the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name);
- the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation;
- the survey reference number;
- the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online).
Example:
Florence Kondylis, Maria Jones, Saahil Karpe, World Bank. Rwanda Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation Project Impact Evaluation 2014, Third Follow-up Survey (LWHIE-F3 2014), Ref. RWA_2014_LWHIE-F3_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_RWA_2014_LWH-W3_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | OCS | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata adoption for FAM |
| Development Impact Evaluation | DECIE | World Bank | Preparation of metadata |
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank | DDI documentation |
DDI Document version
RWA_2014_LWH-W3_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01