Rice and Banana Farmers 2010-2011
Nicaragua, 2010 - 2011
Michael Carter, Conner Mullally
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October 06, 2020
Last modified
October 06, 2020
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Identification
Survey ID Number
NIC_2010-2011_RBF_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
Rice and Banana Farmers 2010-2011
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nicaragua | NIC |
Study type
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Abstract
This study is an impact evaluation of two components of the Rural Business Development Program (RBD) in Nicaragua, specifically the components benefitting rice and plantain farmers on Nicaragua's Pacific coast. The RBD program helped finance irrigation equipment, inputs, and extension services for plantain producers, as well as extension, inputs, and drying patios for rice producers in 2009 and 2010; the price of rice is a function of its moisture content, and by increasing access to drying patios the RBD program sought to increase the value of sales by producers. Using a unique data set collected for the evaluation, average impacts of the RBD program on participating plantain farmers were estimated using difference-in-differences, while average impacts of the rice component on beneficiaries were estimated using fixed effects regressions. Estimated program impacts were combined with administrative cost data to calculate an internal rate of return for the plantain program and for one aspect of the rice program (construction of drying patios).
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Individuals
Scope
Notes
- Housing and Home Characteristics
- Demographic Characteristics of The Household of The Producer (A)
- Household Assets
- Food, Beverage and Tobacco Expenses
- Household Expenses and Other Income
(a) Expenses on Food Items
(b) Expenses on Non-Food Items
- Remittances and Income Not Associated with Work
- Ground Module
(a) Information on Own Land (Intended for Housing, Production, Rest, Leased, Lent)
(b) Investment in Own Land Suitable for Agricultural, Livestock, And Forest Production
- Agricultural Companies
- Rice Production and Commercialization
(a) Rice Sales, 2009-2010 Cycle
- Experience with Plantain
(a) Banana Production in the 2009-2010 Cycle
- Credit Market
(a) Formal Loans for Agricultural Activity, 2008
(b) Informal Loans for Agricultural Activity, 2008
- Housing and Home Characteristics
- Demographic Characteristics of The Household of The Producer
- Household Assets
- Food, Beverage and Tobacco Expenses
- Household Expenses and Other Income
(a) Expenses on Food Items
(b) Expenses on Non-Food Items
- Remittances and Income Not Associated with Work
- Ground Module
(a) Information on Own Land (Intended for Housing, Production, Rest, Leased, Lent)
(b) Investment in Own Land Suitable for Agricultural, Livestock, And Forest Production
- Agricultural Companies
(a) Rice Production and Commercialization
(b) Rice Sales, 2009-2010 Cycle
(c) Experience with Plantain, And Banana Production in The 2009-2010 Cycle
- Credit Market
(a) Formal Loans for Agricultural Activity, 2008
(b) Informal Loans for Agricultural Activity, 2008
- Demographic Characteristics of The Household of The Producer (A)
- Household Assets
- Food, Beverage and Tobacco Expenses
- Household Expenses and Other Income
(a) Expenses on Food Items
(b) Expenses on Non-Food Items
- Remittances and Income Not Associated with Work
- Ground Module
(a) Information on Own Land (Intended for Housing, Production, Rest, Leased, Lent)
(b) Investment in Own Land Suitable for Agricultural, Livestock, And Forest Production
- Agricultural Companies
- Rice Production and Commercialization
(a) Rice Sales, 2009-2010 Cycle
- Experience with Plantain
(a) Banana Production in the 2009-2010 Cycle
- Credit Market
(a) Formal Loans for Agricultural Activity, 2008
(b) Informal Loans for Agricultural Activity, 2008
- Housing and Home Characteristics
- Demographic Characteristics of The Household of The Producer
- Household Assets
- Food, Beverage and Tobacco Expenses
- Household Expenses and Other Income
(a) Expenses on Food Items
(b) Expenses on Non-Food Items
- Remittances and Income Not Associated with Work
- Ground Module
(a) Information on Own Land (Intended for Housing, Production, Rest, Leased, Lent)
(b) Investment in Own Land Suitable for Agricultural, Livestock, And Forest Production
- Agricultural Companies
(a) Rice Production and Commercialization
(b) Rice Sales, 2009-2010 Cycle
(c) Experience with Plantain, And Banana Production in The 2009-2010 Cycle
- Credit Market
(a) Formal Loans for Agricultural Activity, 2008
(b) Informal Loans for Agricultural Activity, 2008
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Food (production, crisis) | FAO |
| Financial Sector | FAO |
| Access to Finance | FAO |
| Migration & Remittances | FAO |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Plantain |
| Banana |
| Farmers |
| Income |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Regional
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Michael Carter | University of California-Davis |
| Conner Mullally | University of Florida |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Millennium Challenge Corporation | MCC | Financial assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Two separate samples were designed for this evaluation: one consisting of participants in the RBD program for plantain producers and a comparable group of control producers, and a second sample consisting of participating rice farmers and controls. The plantain sample was constructed using a list of producers 239 who began the program in 2009, and 56 producers who applied to participate in the program but were rejected. These were the only lists of plantain producers that were made available by MCA. On one hand, the fact that both lists consisted of farmers who had applied for the program suggests that we might expect these two groups to be fairly similar; this sort of similarity can be important for the construction of a quality control group when assignment to treatment (e.g. participation in the RBD program) is not random. The study had 450 farm households, including 300 rice producers and 150 plantain producers. The sample selection considered the following:
(a) Rice: To be considered, producers must meet several criteria, which include having sown at least 2 manzanas in rice at some point in the past (1 manzana is roughly 0.7 hectares), owning no more than 50 manzanas of agricultural land, and being at least 20 years of age. MCC chose rice cooperatives based on their ability to organize a sufficiently large number of farmers to participate in the program. In the first meeting between MCC and the cooperatives, each cooperative provided an estimated number of potential program beneficiaries. Any individual farmer within these cooperatives that met the criteria, and was willing to make the matching investment, was able to participate.
(b) Plantain: Farmers must have at least 2 manzanas irrigated land, year-round access to water, and a maximum of 20 non-irrigated manzanas in agricultural land. Any individual farmer within these cooperatives that met the criteria, and was willing to make the matching investment, was able to participate.
(a) Rice: To be considered, producers must meet several criteria, which include having sown at least 2 manzanas in rice at some point in the past (1 manzana is roughly 0.7 hectares), owning no more than 50 manzanas of agricultural land, and being at least 20 years of age. MCC chose rice cooperatives based on their ability to organize a sufficiently large number of farmers to participate in the program. In the first meeting between MCC and the cooperatives, each cooperative provided an estimated number of potential program beneficiaries. Any individual farmer within these cooperatives that met the criteria, and was willing to make the matching investment, was able to participate.
(b) Plantain: Farmers must have at least 2 manzanas irrigated land, year-round access to water, and a maximum of 20 non-irrigated manzanas in agricultural land. Any individual farmer within these cooperatives that met the criteria, and was willing to make the matching investment, was able to participate.
Deviations from the Sample Design
The original RBS research design consisted of geographically-based randomization, in which farmers in randomly chosen areas would be eligible to participate in the program. However, this randomization and did not take rice and banana farmers into account. In the case of these two crops, farmer cooperatives were chosen for project eligibility based on their degree of organization. Rice and banana farmers belonging to these cooperatives were allowed to participate if they met certain farmer characteristics, had legal land titles, and were willing to make the necessary matching investments. This is a very different design than one based on a geographical randomization and calls for a different evaluation strategy.
Weighting
The study constructied a weight for each treated observation based on the inverse of its estimated probability of participating in the RBD program, and weights for each untreated observation based on the inverse of its probability of not participating.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2010-01 | 2010-02 | Baseline |
| 2011-08 | 2011-09 | Endline |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Monitoring & Evaluation Division | Millennium Challenge Corporation | [email protected] |
Confidentiality
https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
Access conditions
https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
Citation requirements
Mullally, Conner. 2015. "Report to the Millennium Challenge Corporation: An Impact Evaluation of the Rural Business Development Program for Rice and Plantain Producers in Nicaragua."
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_NIC_2010-2011_RBF_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | OCS | Food and Agriculture Organization | Adoption of metadata for FAM |
| Millennium Challenge Corporation | MCC | Metadata producer |
DDI Document version
NIC_2010-2011_RBF_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01