Living Standards Survey, Wave 3, 2010-2011
Nepal, 2010 - 2011
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Reference ID
NPL_2010-2011_LSS-W3_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
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Central Bureau of Statistics
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Oct 09, 2020
Last modified
Jan 26, 2023
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Identification
Survey ID Number
NPL_2010-2011_LSS-W3_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
Living Standards Survey, Wave 3, 2010-2011
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nepal | NPL |
Study type
Living Standards Measurement Study [hh/lsms]
Series Information
Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) carried out Nepal Living Standards Survey (LSS) for the first time in 1995-1996. The second round of the LSS was conducted in 2003-2004. The Nepal Living Standards Survey 2010-2011 (LSS-III) is the third round of the survey conducted by the CBS as a follow up of the previous two rounds.
Abstract
The main objective of the NLSS-III is to update data on the living standards of the people. The survey aims to assess the impact of various government policies and programs on the socioeconomic changes in the country during the last 7 years. Further, the survey aims to track changes experienced by previously enumerated households during the past fifteen and seven years. The Nepal Living Standards Survey, 1995-1996 (LSS-I) was a milestone in the collection of data for the objective measurement of the living standards of the people and for determining the level of poverty in the country. The survey covered a wide range of topics related to “household welfare” (demography, consumption, income, access to facilities, housing, education, health, employment, credit, remittances and anthropometry, etc.). LSS-I for the first time, provided a measure of “extent and dimension” of poverty in Nepal. The survey findings became popular among decision makers in the government agencies, the general public and the international agencies as well. It was realized that a second round of the survey was needed to update the results and to assess the impact of policies and programs on poverty and social indicators over the years (since the NLSS-I was conducted). Accordingly, the second round of the survey (LSS-II) was carried out in 2003/04 after 8 years of the first survey.
The findings of the LSS-II helped the government to monitor progress in improving national living standards and the survey became a good basis for monitoring the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) over time. Realizing the importance of time series data, the Government of Nepal decided to conduct another round of the Nepal Living Standards Survey. Accordingly, the Central Bureau of Statistics for the third time conducted the survey in 2010/11 (LSS-III). The survey was carried out with the assistance from the World Bank.
The findings of the LSS-II helped the government to monitor progress in improving national living standards and the survey became a good basis for monitoring the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) over time. Realizing the importance of time series data, the Government of Nepal decided to conduct another round of the Nepal Living Standards Survey. Accordingly, the Central Bureau of Statistics for the third time conducted the survey in 2010/11 (LSS-III). The survey was carried out with the assistance from the World Bank.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Households
Scope
Notes
The 2010-2011 Nepal Living Standards Survey covered the following topics:
(a) HOUSEHOLD
- Household Identification and Survey Information
- Household Roster / Demographic Characteristics
- Housing
- Access to Facilities
- Migration (for all household members aged 5 years and over)
- Consumption and Expenditure
- Food Expenses and Home Production (during past 12 months and past 7 days)
- Non-food Expenditures and Inventory of Durable Goods (over a period of 12 months)
- Education (for all members aged 3 years and over)
- Health
- Marriage and Maternity History
- Jobs and Time Use
- Unemployment and under Employment
- Wage and Salary
- Farming and Livestock
- Non-agricultural Enterprises/Activities
- Credit and Savings
- Absentees Information
- Other Remittances
- Transfers, Social Assistances and Other Income
- Adequacy of Consumption and Government Services/Facilities
- Anthropometrics and Breastfeeding Practices
- Panel Sample Household Tracking
(b) RURAL COMMUNITY
- Community Identification
- Population Characteristics and Infrastructure
- Access to Facilities
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Migration
- Development Programmes, User Groups, and Quality of Life
- Rural Primary School
- Rural Health Facilities
- Market and Prices
(c) URBANL COMMUNITY
- Community Identification
- Population Characteristics and Infrastructure
- Access to Facilities
- Market and Prices
- Quality of Life
(a) HOUSEHOLD
- Household Identification and Survey Information
- Household Roster / Demographic Characteristics
- Housing
- Access to Facilities
- Migration (for all household members aged 5 years and over)
- Consumption and Expenditure
- Food Expenses and Home Production (during past 12 months and past 7 days)
- Non-food Expenditures and Inventory of Durable Goods (over a period of 12 months)
- Education (for all members aged 3 years and over)
- Health
- Marriage and Maternity History
- Jobs and Time Use
- Unemployment and under Employment
- Wage and Salary
- Farming and Livestock
- Non-agricultural Enterprises/Activities
- Credit and Savings
- Absentees Information
- Other Remittances
- Transfers, Social Assistances and Other Income
- Adequacy of Consumption and Government Services/Facilities
- Anthropometrics and Breastfeeding Practices
- Panel Sample Household Tracking
(b) RURAL COMMUNITY
- Community Identification
- Population Characteristics and Infrastructure
- Access to Facilities
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Migration
- Development Programmes, User Groups, and Quality of Life
- Rural Primary School
- Rural Health Facilities
- Market and Prices
(c) URBANL COMMUNITY
- Community Identification
- Population Characteristics and Infrastructure
- Access to Facilities
- Market and Prices
- Quality of Life
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Migration & Remittances | FAO |
| Agriculture & Rural Development | FAO |
| Food (production, crisis) | FAO |
| Health | FAO |
| Financial Sector | FAO |
| Access to Finance | FAO |
| Livestock | FAO |
| Population & Reproductive Health | FAO |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Universe
All households in the country were considered eligible for selection in the survey. The survey, however, excluded the households of diplomatic missions. The institutional households (like people living in schools' hostels, prisons, army camps and hospitals) were also excluded from the survey. The household members were determined on the basis of the usual place of their residence. Foreign nationals whose usual place of residence is within the country were included in the survey.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Bureau of Statistics | National Planning Commission Secretariat, Government of Nepal |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| The World Bank | Technical assistance in sampling design and training |
| United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund | Training and logistics for anthropometric measurements |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| The World Bank | WB | Financial assistance |
| Government of Nepal | Financial assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
(a) SAMPLING FRAME
The initial frame for the LSS-III survey was based on the frame prepared for the 2008 Nepal Labour Force Survey (NLFS-II). This was done "to take advantage of the cartographic segmentation and household listing operations" conducted by the CBS for the NLFS-II. Number of households at ward level was obtained from the 2001 Population Census. CBS has constructed a data set with basic information (number of households, total population, and male and female population) at the ward level. This data set was used to construct the frame for the selection of primary sampling units (PSUs). The PSU for the NLFS-II were either individual wards or sub-wards or groups of contiguous wards in the same VDC. A group of wards was considered as single PSU, to ensure that each unit continued at least 30 households. For the ultimate sample selection of households in the NLFS-II, a frame was prepared in each ward selected at the earlier stage of sampling. A list of all households was prepared in all the wards selected for the survey. Selection of households was carried out from these listings using systematic sampling with a random start. Before the listing, an intensive cartographic work was undertaken (in the urban areas and some of the rural areas) to form appropriate enumeration block having around 200 households.
(b) STRATIFICATION
For the NLFS-II sample selection, 75 districts along with the urban and rural areas were grouped into six strata - mountains, urban areas of the Kathmandu valley, other urban areas in the hills, rural hills, urban hills, urban Tarai and rural Tarai. These six strata of the NLFS-II were further regrouped into 14 strata for the NLSS-III purposes. The "explicit" strata formed for the NLSS-III were as follows: mountains, urban areas of the Kathmandu valley, other urban areas in the hills, rural eastern hills, rural central hills, rural western hills, rural mid-western hills, rural far-western hills, urban Tarai, rural eastern Tarai, rural central Tarai, rural western Tarai, rural mid-western Tarai, and rural far-western Tarai.
(c) SAMPLE DESIGN
The sample design adopted in LSS-III was modified sub-sample of the sample adopted in NLFS-II. For the NLFS-II, 800 PSUs were selected - 400 PSUs each from urban and rural areas. As mentioned earlier, the PSU for the NLFS-II was a ward or a sub-ward or a combination of wards. The PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size, the measure of size being the number of households. For the LSS-III, two independent samples were selected: the first was a cross sectional sample and the second was a panel. The panel sample consisted of PSUs and households previously enumerated in one or both of the past two rounds of the survey.
(d) SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size for the survey was estimated at 7200 households in 600 PSUs. Among them, 100 PSUs with 1200 households interviewed in the LSS-I or LSS-II were selected for re-interviewing in the LSS-III. 500 PSUs with 6000 households were selected as the cross-section sample. The PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size, the measure of size being the number of households in each ward. As mentioned earlier, twelve households were selected for the enumeration from each of the selected PSU.
The initial frame for the LSS-III survey was based on the frame prepared for the 2008 Nepal Labour Force Survey (NLFS-II). This was done "to take advantage of the cartographic segmentation and household listing operations" conducted by the CBS for the NLFS-II. Number of households at ward level was obtained from the 2001 Population Census. CBS has constructed a data set with basic information (number of households, total population, and male and female population) at the ward level. This data set was used to construct the frame for the selection of primary sampling units (PSUs). The PSU for the NLFS-II were either individual wards or sub-wards or groups of contiguous wards in the same VDC. A group of wards was considered as single PSU, to ensure that each unit continued at least 30 households. For the ultimate sample selection of households in the NLFS-II, a frame was prepared in each ward selected at the earlier stage of sampling. A list of all households was prepared in all the wards selected for the survey. Selection of households was carried out from these listings using systematic sampling with a random start. Before the listing, an intensive cartographic work was undertaken (in the urban areas and some of the rural areas) to form appropriate enumeration block having around 200 households.
(b) STRATIFICATION
For the NLFS-II sample selection, 75 districts along with the urban and rural areas were grouped into six strata - mountains, urban areas of the Kathmandu valley, other urban areas in the hills, rural hills, urban hills, urban Tarai and rural Tarai. These six strata of the NLFS-II were further regrouped into 14 strata for the NLSS-III purposes. The "explicit" strata formed for the NLSS-III were as follows: mountains, urban areas of the Kathmandu valley, other urban areas in the hills, rural eastern hills, rural central hills, rural western hills, rural mid-western hills, rural far-western hills, urban Tarai, rural eastern Tarai, rural central Tarai, rural western Tarai, rural mid-western Tarai, and rural far-western Tarai.
(c) SAMPLE DESIGN
The sample design adopted in LSS-III was modified sub-sample of the sample adopted in NLFS-II. For the NLFS-II, 800 PSUs were selected - 400 PSUs each from urban and rural areas. As mentioned earlier, the PSU for the NLFS-II was a ward or a sub-ward or a combination of wards. The PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size, the measure of size being the number of households. For the LSS-III, two independent samples were selected: the first was a cross sectional sample and the second was a panel. The panel sample consisted of PSUs and households previously enumerated in one or both of the past two rounds of the survey.
(d) SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size for the survey was estimated at 7200 households in 600 PSUs. Among them, 100 PSUs with 1200 households interviewed in the LSS-I or LSS-II were selected for re-interviewing in the LSS-III. 500 PSUs with 6000 households were selected as the cross-section sample. The PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size, the measure of size being the number of households in each ward. As mentioned earlier, twelve households were selected for the enumeration from each of the selected PSU.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2010-02-21 | 2010-03-22 | First Phase |
| 2010-04-03 | 2010-06-26 | Second Phase |
| 2010-07-01 | 2010-10-24 | Third Phase |
| 2010-10-29 | 2011-02-07 | Forth Phase |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Data Processing
Data Editing
Each of 20 field teams consisted of 5 members in which one person was specially trained for data entry and consistency checking. The supervisor of the team was responsible for final editing and consistency checks at the field level. Each field teams were provided with a laptop computer for data entry and they were required to complete the data entry and editing at the respective locality of data collection(PSU). CSPro version 3.3 was used for designing data entry codes. The data management package was embedded with specially designed consistency check codes for possible errors. The data collectors were required to revisit the households to verify for any missing or inconsistent values that were detected while running consistency checks. As in the previous two rounds of the survey, a distinctive feature of the LSS-III was the use of personal computer in the field. A data entry programme developed specifically for the survey was installed on each computer provided to the field teams. The data entry programme enabled the data entry operator as well as the team supervisor to find out mistakes and missing data (if any) and to perform inconsistency checks. When problems or errors were found, the interviewers returned to the households to correct the errors. The field supervision from the CBS included the real time check and verification of data entry work in the field. This process of real time entering, checking and correcting data in the field helped to enhance the quality of data collected. It also reduced the time lag between data collection and data processing. This also helped to make data available for processing shortly after the completion of the collection phase. After the completion of the field work (including data entry), the data diskettes were sent back to the CBS from the field. Data processing and analysis was done in the CBS using STATA statistical software package.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Bureau of Statistics | National Planning Commission Secretariat, Government of Nepal | [email protected] | Link |
| LSMS Data Manager | The World Bank | [email protected] | Link |
Confidentiality
Confidentiality of the respondents is guaranteed by Article 8 of Statistics Act 1958:
"Any information or details relating to any person, family, firm or company, which has been supplied, obtained or prepared pursuant to section 3, section 4, section 5, section 6, section 7, or any part of such information or details, shall not be disclosed or published directly except to the Director General or to any officer of the Bureau without the written person or of his authorised representative supplying such information or details."
Access conditions
This anonymized Public Use Dataset is accessible to all potential users for statistical and research purposes only.The terms and conditions of use are the following:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written permission of Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS).
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to CBS.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets or among data and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CBS will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CBS.
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written permission of Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS).
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to CBS.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets or among data and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CBS will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CBS.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal. Nepal Living Standards Survey-III 2010-2011. Ref. NPL_2010_LSS-III_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [source] on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal. Nepal Living Standards Survey-III 2010-2011. Ref. NPL_2010_LSS-III_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [source] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal bears no responsibility for any outcomes or for interpretations or inferences arising from the use of the dataset.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_NPL_2010-2011_LSS-W3_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | OCS | Food and Agriculture Organization | Adoption of metadata for FAM |
| Development Economics Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Generation of DDI |
DDI Document version
NPL_2010-2011_LSS-W3_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01