Smallholder Household Survey - CGAP, 2016
Bangladesh, 2016
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BGD_2016_SHS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Smallholder Household Survey - CGAP, 2016
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Bangladesh | BGD |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Advancing its earlier global segmentation framework (Christen and Anderson 2013), CGAP has been working to build the evidence base on the financial and agricultural lives of smallholder households. This nationally-representative survey of smallholder households collected information on household demographics, poverty status, agricultural activities, income sources and expenses, mobile phones, and informal and formal financial services. The data was used to detail a national picture of the smallholder sector and identify the characteristics of its key segments in a segmentation analysis. To date, CGAP has smallholder household surveys completed or underway in Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania, Cote d'Ivoire, and Bangladesh.
The objectives of the Smallholder Household Survey in Bangladesh were to:
- Generate a clear picture of the smallholder sector at the national level, including household demographics, agricultural profile, and poverty status and market relationships
- Segment smallholder households in Bangladesh according to the most compelling variables that emerge
- Characterize the demand for financial services in each segment, focusing on customer needs, attitudes and perceptions related to both agricultural and financial services
- Detail how the financial needs of each segment are currently met, with both informal and formal services, and where there may be promising opportunities to add value
Sample survey data [ssd]
Households
Scope
The CGAP national surveys of smallholder households used three questionnaires:
-
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE
Respondent: Head of the household, their spouse, or a knowledgeable adult
Content:
· Basic information on all household members (e.g. age, gender, education attainment, schooling status)
· Information about household assets and dwelling characteristics in order to derive poverty status. -
MULTIPLE RESPONDENT QUESTIONNAIRE
Respondents: All household members over 15 years old who contributed to the household income and/or participated in its agricultural activities
Content:
· Demographics (e.g. land size, crop and livestock, decision-making, associations and markets, financial behaviours)
· Agricultural activities (e.g. selling, trading, consuming crops, livestock, suppliers)
· Household economics (e.g., employment, income sources, expenses, shocks, borrowing, saving habits, investments) -
SINGLE RESPONDENT QUESTIONNAIRE
Respondent: One randomly-selected adult in the household
Content:
· Agricultural activities (e.g. market relationships, storage, risk mitigation)
· Household economics (e.g. expense prioritization, insurance, financial outlook)
· Mobile phones (e.g., usage, access, ownership, desire and importance)
· Formal and informal financial tools (e.g. ownership, usage, access, importance, attitudes toward financial service providers)
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Agriculture & Rural Development | FAO |
| Food (production, crisis) | FAO |
| Land (policy, resource management) | FAO |
| Financial Sector | FAO |
| Access to Finance | FAO |
| Payment Systems | FAO |
| Community Driven Development | FAO |
| Social Development | FAO |
| Information & Communication Technologies | FAO |
| Trade | FAO |
Coverage
National
The universe for the survey consists of smallholder households defined as households with the following criteria:
- Household with up to 5 hectares OR farmers who have less than 50 heads of cattle, 100 goats/sheep/pigs, or 1,000 chickens
- Agriculture provides a meaningful contribution to the household livelihood, income, or consumption.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Jamie Anderson | Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Colleen Learch | InterMedia Survey Institute | Technical assistance |
Sampling
(a) SAMPLING FRAME
The smallholder household survey in Bangladesh is a nationally-representative survey, with a target sample size of 3,000 smallholder households. The sample was designed to provide reliable survey estimates at the national level. Bangladesh is divided into 7 administrative divisions. Each division is divided into districts, sub-districts, wards (for urban areas) or unions (for rural areas). Each ward is further divided into mahallas while each union consists of mauzas. For the 2008 agricultural census, mauzas and mahallas were further divided into 153,945 enumeration areas (EAs). The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics maintains a list of 64,314 mauzas/mahallas. Among these, 750 mauzas/mahallas (i.e., 1.2% of the total number) have missing information on the number of agricultural households they contained in 2008. In addition, 18,377 mauzas/mahallas had less than 80 agricultural households. These mauzas/mahallas contain about 4.8% of the total number of agricultural households. The sampling frame for the smallholder survey consisted of the list of EAs for mauzas/mahallas containing at least 80 agricultural households in 2008. While at the mauza/mahalla level the number of agricultural households was available, at the EA level only the estimated number of (general) households was available along with the urban-rural classification.
(b) SAMPLE ALLOCATION AND SELECTION
To take nonresponse into account, the target sample size was increased to 3,158 households assuming a nonresponse rate of five percent observed in similar national household surveys. The total sample size was first allocated to the divisions based on the number of agricultural households in the sampling frame. Within each division, the resulting sample was then distributed to urban and rural areas in proportion to number of agricultural households. Given that EAs were the primary sampling units and 15 households were selected in each EA, a total of 211 EAs were selected. The sample for the smallholder survey is a stratified multistage sample. Stratification was achieved by separating each division into urban and rural areas. The urban/rural classification is based on the 2008 agricultural census. Therefore, 14 strata were created, and the sample was selected independently in each stratum.
In the first stage, EAs were selected as primary sampling units with probability proportional to size, the size being the number of households in the EAs. Prior to the selection, in each stratum, the list of EAs was sorted by district, sub-district, wards/unions, and mauzas/mahallas. A household listing operation was conducted in all selected EAs to identify smallholder households and to provide a frame for selecting smallholder households to be included in the sample. In the second stage, 15 smallholders were sampled in each EA with equal probability. In each sampled household, the household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household, the spouse, or any knowledgeable adult household member to collect information about household characteristics. The multiple respondent questionnaire was administered to all adult members in each sampled household to collect information on their agricultural activities, financial behaviours, and mobile money use. In addition, in each sampled household only one household member was selected using the Kish grid and was administered the single respondent questionnaire.
The full description of the sample design can be found in the user guide for this data set.
The smallholder survey in Bangladesh is the fourth survey in the series, following the surveys in Mozambique, Uganda, and Tanzania. Fieldwork in those three countries has experienced a lot of failed call backs where identified eligible households and household members could not be interviewed during the time allocated to fieldwork in each country. As a result, the final sample size fell slightly short of the target. For this reason, in Bangladesh the number of households selected in each EA was increased from 15 to 17 following the household listing operation in all sampled EAs.
100 percent for single respondent questionnare, 99.7 percent for household questionnaire and 96.4 percent for the Multiple Respondent questionnaire.
The sample for the smallholder household survey is not self-weighting, therefore sampling weights were calculated. The first component of the weights is the design weight based on the probability of selection for each stage. The second component uses the response rate at both household and individual levels. The design weights for households were adjusted for nonresponse at the household level to produce adjusted household weights. Sampling weights for the multiple respondent data file were derived from adjusted household weights by applying to them nonresponse rates at the individual level. For the single respondent data file, the same process was applied after considering the subsampling done within the household. Finally, household and individual sampling weights were normalized separately at the national level, so the weighted number of cases equals the total sample size. The normalized sampling weights were attached to the different data files and used during analysis.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2016-03-17 | 2016-04-21 |
Data processing
The data files were checked for completeness, inconsistencies and errors by InterMedia and corrections were made as necessary and where possible. Following the finalization of questionnaires, a script was developed to support data collection on smart phones. The script was thoroughly tested and validated before its use in the field.
Data appraisal
The sample design for the smallholder household survey was a complex sample design featuring clustering, stratification and unequal probabilities of selection. For key survey estimates, sampling errors considering the design features were produced using either the SPSS Complex Sample module or STATA based on the Taylor series approximation method.
Data Access
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes |
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree: 1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor 2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files 3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the data depositor |
Direct access.
Anderson, Jamie. 2017. National Survey and Segmentation of Smallholder Households in Bangladesh: Household Level Data. Ref: BGD_2016_SHS_v01_M. Washington, D.C.: CGAP. Downloaded from [URL] on [Date]
Disclaimer and copyrights
Rights and Permissions: This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC BY 3.0) http://creativecommons .org/licenses/by/3.0.
License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0
All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to:
CGAP Publications,
818 H Street, NW,
MSN IS7-700,
Washington, DC
20433
USA;
e-mail: [email protected].
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Anna Nunan | GFMGP - CGAP | [email protected] |
| Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) | The World Bank | [email protected] |
Metadata production
DDI_BGD_2016_SHS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | Food and Agriculture Organization | Adoption of metadata for FAM |
| Development Economics Data Group | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
Metadata version
BGD_2016_SHS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01