Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey - Wave 4, Cross-Sectional Sample, 2013-2014.
Rwanda, 2013 - 2014
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RWA_2013-2014_EICV-W4-CS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey - Wave 4, Cross-Sectional Sample, 2013-2014.
Enquete Intégrale sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Rwanda | RWA |
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
The EICV4 survey (Enquête Intégrale sur les conditions de vie des ménages) is the fourth round of Rwanda's Integrated Living Conditions surveys. The previous three rounds were conducted every five years: EICV1 (2000-2001), EICV2 (2005-2006), EICV3 (2010-2011).
Beginning with the EICV4, the NISR plans to conduct the survey every 3 years in order to follow the trends in the poverty rate and other key indicators more frequently.
Unlike the previous rounds, EICV4 also, for the first time, includes a panel sample (selected from the EICV3) and a VUP sample selected from beneficiary households, in addition to the main sample.
The EICV4 survey (Enquête Intégrale sur les Conditions de Vie des ménages) was conducted over a 12-month cycle from October 2013 to October 2014. Data collection was divided into 10 cycles in order to represent seasonality in the income and consumption data. A main cross-sectional sample survey, a panel survey and a VUP sample survey were conducted simultaneously.
The EICV4 provides information on poverty and living conditions in Rwanda and measures changes over time as part of the on-going monitoring of the Poverty Reduction Strategy and other Government policies. The survey data are also very important for national accounts and updating the consumer price index (CPI).
Sample survey data [ssd]
Households
Scope
The scope of the EICV4 includes:
-Household listing
-Migration: internal and international, reasons for migration
-Health: disability and health problems, health insurance, consultations
-Education: general education, literacy/learning/training, education expenses
-Housing: backgroud and status of the housing occupancy, expenses, services and installations, physical characteristics of the dwelling, access and satisfaction towards basic services
-Employment: usual activity, employment status, salaried workers, business activities, underemployment and unemployment, domestic and ancillary work
-Agriculture: livestock, land and agricultural equipment, details of holding parcels/blocs and agricultural policy changes, crop harvests and use on a large scale, small scale crops, other income from agriculture, cost and expenditure on agricultural activities, transformation of agricultural products
-Household expenditure and subsistence farming: expenditure on non food items, food expenditure, subsistence farming and consumption of own production
-Transfers of incomes, other revenues and expenditures: transfers made by household (transfer-out), transfers received by the household (transfer-in), VUP, UBUDEHE and RSSP schemes, income support programmes and other revenues, other expenditure
-Credit, durables and savings: credit, durable household goods, deposit and savings
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Poverty | World Bank |
| Education | World Bank |
| Agriculture & Rural Development | World Bank |
| Health | World Bank |
| Labor & Social Protection | World Bank |
| Environment | World Bank |
| Social Development | World Bank |
Coverage
National coverage.
All household members (variable s1q15 identifies household membership).
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics Rwanda (NISR) | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| African Development Bank | Financial Partner |
| World Bank | Financial Partner |
| UKaid | Financial Partner |
| European Union | Financial Partner |
| One UN | Financial Partner |
Sampling
The EICV4 cross sectional (CS) sample includes two independent subsets selected using different sampling frames: 1) A new EICV4 sample of households in enumeration areas (EAs) selected using the 2012 Rwanda Population and Housing Census frame and 2) a panel of households selected from 177 EICV3 villages. A new listing of households was conducted in both the panel and new sample clusters in order to update the frame for the CS Survey. The sample households in the new CS sample EAs were selected from the new listing.
- The new EICV4 sample
The main sampling frame for the EICV4 is based on the 2012 Rwanda Census. The primary sampling units (PSUs) are the 2012 census Enumeration Areas (EAs). In the Census, each EA was classified as urban, semi-urban, peri-urban or rural. The urban areas include Kigali-Ville and the district capitals. The semi-urban areas generally correspond to smaller towns that have service facilities and markets. The peri-urban areas currently have the characteristics of rural areas, but they are located on the periphery of urban areas and are designated for future development. For the EICV4 sampling frame, the semi-urban areas were grouped with the urban strata, and the peri-urban areas with the rural strata. This results in a final distribution of 17.2% urban households and 82.8% rural households in the sampling frame. EAs in the 177 EICV3 sample villages selected for the panel study were excluded from the sampling frame, in order to avoid any overlap between the two samples.
The new EICV4 sample of 12,312 households was selected using a stratified two-stage design. At the first stage, sample EAs were selected within each stratum (district) with probability proportional to size (PPS) from the ordered list of EAs in the sampling frame. The EAs are implicitly stratified by urban and rural strata within each district, ordered first by urban, semi-urban, peri-urban and rural areas, and then geographically by sector, cellule, village and EA codes. This first stage sampling procedure provides a proportional allocation of the sample to the urban and rural areas of each district. At the second stage, households in each sample EA are selected from the listing. For the three districts in Kigali Province, 9 households were selected in each sample EA as original households; for the remaining 27 districts, 12 households were selected in each sample EA as original households. In addition, a reserve sample of 3 replacement households were selected for each sample EA in Kigali Province and 4 replacement households for each sample EA in the remaining provinces.
This new EICV4 sample contains 12,312 households, including 12,233 original households and 79 replacement households.
- Households from 177 EICV3 villages used for panel study
The second component of the EICV4 cross sectional sample consists of all the sample households interviewed inside the 177 EICV3 villages selected for the panel study (including any replacements households and panel split households inside the clusters).
Within each of the 177 villages, all households that were interviewed during EICV3 were included in the cross-sectional sample. When an EICV3 sample household moved and a new household occupied the same house in the cluster, it was interviewed for the Cross-Sectional Survey, and assigned a PID (dependency) code of 94. If an EICV3 household was empty or not found, a random replacement household was selected for the EICV4 Cross-Sectional Survey from the new listing of the sample cluster, and assigned a PID code of 95. The sample households with PID codes 94 and 95 are only used for the cross-sectional study, not the panel study.
This second component of the cross-sectional sample includes 2108 households drawn from the 177 EICV3 villages sampled for the panel study. These include 1604 original EICV3 households, 181 dependent household splitting from the original household in the same cluster, along with 243 households living in the dwelling formerly occupied by a panel household and 80 replacement households in the cluster in order to have 9/12 households per cluster.
The reason why we combine the EICV4 data from the new and panel clusters for the CS analysis is to obtain the most accurate CS estimates. In the case of the CS estimates from the combined samples, the additional data from the 177 sample panel clusters will result in a significant reduction in the variance component of the MSE. Although the bias of the CS data from the sample panel clusters may slightly increase the bias component, this bias is very small compared to the corresponding reduction in the variance component. Therefore the CS results from the EICV4 data for the combined new and panel clusters can be considered more accurate than the corresponding results using only the EICV4 data for the new sample clusters.
In total, the final EICV4 cross-sectional sample contains 14,419 households.
- Assignment of EAs to cycles and sub-cycles
Data collection covering a period of 12 month is divided into 10 cycles to represent seasonality in consumption, income, employment and agricultural activity patterns.
For rural enumeration, each cycle is further divided into two sub-cycles. For the 177 EICV3 villages, the cycle and sub-cycle were pre-determined. Households were re-interviewed in the same cycle, correponding to the same time of the year as they were in EICV3. To assign cycles to the new EICV4 sample EAs, random cycle numbers from 1 to 10 were generated to identify the selection sequence. For the 27 districts outside Kigali, sub-cycle numbers of 1 or 2 were assigned systematically with a random start. This process ensured that the final distribution of the sample EAs to cycles and sub-cycles was geographically representative within each district.
Out of the 12,312 sample households selected in the new sample clusters for EICV4, only 79 were non-interviews, for a response rate of 99.4% for this sample. All of the 79 non-interviews were replaced. There were only 12 refusals, and there were few cases of houses that were empty or not found, given that the listing was conducted very close to the interviewing period.
Since the EICV4 cross-sectional sample includes two independent subsets (the new EICV4 sample and a panel of households from 177 EICV3 villages) selected from different sampling frames, the probabilities of selection and the corresponding weights for each subset were calculated separately. Weights were first calculated separately for expanding the sample from each sampling frame to the national level; and then, a factor was applied to each set of weights to reflect the proportion of the overall sample within each district that comes from the corresponding sampling frame. Together, these weights would expand the combined data to the district level.
-
Weighting procedures for the new EICV4 sample
The basic sampling weight is the inverse of the probability of selection, computed at the EA level. Generally it is necessary to adjust the weights to take into account the non-interview households in each sample EA. However, during the EICV4 data collection in the new sample clusters, all of the non-interview households were replaced, so the final number of completed households is exactly 9 for each new sample EA in Kigali Province, and 12 for each new sample EA in the remaining provinces. Therefore there is no need to adjust the weights for nonresponse. -
Weighting procedures for households from EICV3 villages
The probability of selection is the original probability of selection for the EICV3 sample households multiplied by the probability of selecting the subsample of EICV3 villages for the panel in the district. The basic sampling weight is calculated as the inverse of the probability of selection. Since this weight is based on the number of completed CS interviews inside each sample cluster, it is automatically adjusted for any nonresponse and replacements.
When the CS data for the new sample clusters and the panel clusters are combined, it is necessary to multiply the weights from each sample component by the proportion of the combined sample that comes from that component for the corresponding stratum.
The final combined weight variable is included in all cross-sectional sample files. To correctly account for the sample design in the computation of standard errors, analysts should specify the primary sampling units (clust) and strata (district).
Survey instrument
The same questionnaire was used for cross-sectional, panel and VUP samples. Part A of the questionnaire contains modules on household and individual information. Part B is on agriculture and consumption. The questionnaire was developed in English, and translated into Kinyarwanda.
Questionnaire design took into account the requests raised by major data users and stakeholders, as well as consistency with the previous EICV questionnaires. In addition to methodological improvements, some simplifications were made:
-The major changes introduced in this survey were changes to Section 6, the Economic Activity. Further questioning was added on unemployment and underemployment in response to questions from users, and also to comply with international standards. The section was simplified to enable the analysis to be undertaken by local analysts.
-The Section on the VUP participation was expanded to provide more information, better classification of beneficiaries and to provide greater consistency within the questionnaire. The same questionnaire is to be used on the separate VUP sample which runs in parallel with the EICV4.
-The health section was reduced to try to cut respondent burden, as health-related information is being collected by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).
-The expenditure section was changed in minor ways to provide better information for national accounts (housing investment) and for CPI weights (retail outlets).
Questionnaire was tested in pilot surveys and amended in time prior to the fieldwork starting in October 2013. The complete questionnaire is provided as external resources.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-10-10 | 2013-11-11 | 1 |
| 2013-11-17 | 2013-12-19 | 2 |
| 2013-12-25 | 2014-01-26 | 3 |
| 2014-02-01 | 2014-03-05 | 4 |
| 2014-03-11 | 2014-04-12 | 5 |
| 2014-04-18 | 2014-05-20 | 6 |
| 2014-05-26 | 2014-06-27 | 7 |
| 2014-07-03 | 2014-08-04 | 8 |
| 2014-08-10 | 2014-09-11 | 9 |
| 2014-09-17 | 2014-10-19 | 10 |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
A pilot survey was conducted throughout July 2013. A one-month enumerator training was conducted from end of August to September before enumeration.
For the 27 predominantly rural districts, the survey calendar for 12 months is divided into 10 cycles, and each cycle is divided into two sub-cycles, for a total of 20 enumeration periods of 16 days each. Each enumerator visited a group of 3 sample households every other day. A team of enumerators covers two sample EAs in each sub-cycle, or four EAs during a full cycle. In other words, each sample household in rural districts was visited 8 times over a period of 16 days. Questionnaire section 8Aiii, 8B and 8C were asked on every visit, while the other sections were spread out over the 8 visits (e.g. section 0-3 during 1st visit; section 4, 5a-5d, 8Ai, 8Aii during 2nd visit; section 5e, 6a-6c on 3rd visit; section 6d-6f on 4th visit; section 7a-7c on 5th visit; section 7d-7h on 6th visit; section 9 on 7th visit; section 10 on 8th visit).
In the case of the three predominantly urban districts in Kigali Province, the data collection in each sample EA was conducted over a period of 33 days (one cycle). The 9 households in each sample EA were divided into 3 groups of 3 households each. Each enumerator visited one group of 3 sample households each day, so each sample household was visited every three days. Five EAs are covered in each cycle. In other words, each sample household in Kigali was visited 11 times over a period of 33 days. Questionnaire section 8Aiii, 8B and 8C were asked on every visit, while the other sections were spread out over the 11 visits (e.g. section 0 and 1 on 1st visit; section 2 and 3 on 2nd visit; section 4 on 3rd visit; section 5 on 4th visit; section 6a-6c on 5th visit; section 6d-6f on 6th visit; section 7a-7c on 7th visit; section 7d-7h on 8th visit; section 9 on 9th visit; section 10 on the 10th visit).
Each enumeration is preceded by household listing.
Data processing
A day before the interview started, the enumerator, accompanied by a controller, did an introduction to household, explaining how often they will come in that household and delivering a letter indicating that the HH has been selected.
During the field work, after each cycle, the data processing team produced tables and reports of inconsistencies, which were checked by the field supervisor. The data entry system also contained consistency checks that alerted the data entry operators. In case of an alert, the questionnaire was sent back to the supervisor of data entry for correction.
Data Access
This is a public use files, accessible to all.
"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey(2014-2015), Version 1.1 of the public use dataset (June 2016), provided by the National Data Archive.http://microdata.statistics.gov.rw".
Disclaimer and copyrights
(c)2016, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Portals Managment Officer | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | [email protected] | www.statistics.gov.rw |
Metadata production
DDI_RWA_2013-2014_EICV-W4-CS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata adapted for FAM |
| Ruben MUHAYITETO | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Documentation of the study |
Metadata version
RWA_2013-2014_EICV-W4-CS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01