Agricultural Integrated Survey (AGRIS) - Pilot - PME module, Ghana Pilot Survey 2018
Ghana, 2018
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Reference ID
GHA_2018_AGRIS-PME_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Producer(s)
Food and Agricultural Organization, Ghana Statistical Service,
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Identification
Survey ID Number
GHA_2018_AGRIS-PME_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
Agricultural Integrated Survey (AGRIS) - Pilot - PME module, Ghana Pilot Survey 2018
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ghana | GHA |
Study type
Agricultural Integrated Survey (AGRISurvey)
Series Information
The Agricultural Integrated Survey (AGRIS) is a farm-based modular multi-year survey programme, designed as a cost-effective way for national statistical institutions to accelerate the production of quality disaggregated data on the technical, economic, environmental and social dimensions of agricultural holdings. The data generated is meant to inform policy design and implementation, as well as improve market efficiency and support research. AGRIS constitutes an invaluable data source and provides the framework for designing, monitoring and evaluating any agricultural and rural policy or investment.
The AGRIS methology has been developed in the context of the Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics, a project hosted by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.In order to finalyze this methodology, all the components of the survey have been field tested in Ghana in collaboration with the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and the Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA). The pilot test took place in January 2018.
The AGRIS methodology will be costumized and implemented in a series of countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
The AGRIS methology has been developed in the context of the Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics, a project hosted by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.In order to finalyze this methodology, all the components of the survey have been field tested in Ghana in collaboration with the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and the Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA). The pilot test took place in January 2018.
The AGRIS methodology will be costumized and implemented in a series of countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Abstract
The AGRIS Ghana Pilot test was implemented in 4 districts of the Ashanti Region (Ahafo Ano South, Asante Akim North, Ejura Sekye Dumase, and Sekyere Afram Plains) in February 2018, to collect information on:
- Crop and livestock production as well as data on farm characteristics, diversification and structures;
- Farm revenues and expenses;
- Type of labour used by the agricultural holding;
- Farming practices and their linkages with the natural environment;
- Farm machinery, equipment and assets.
The general objective of the pilot was to customize AGRIS instruments and methodologies for adoption as a standard tool to efficiently gather relevant and reliable agricultural data for policy making and monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The specific objectives of the AGRIS Ghana pilot were as follows:
- Elaborate the overall set up of AGRIS in Ghana;
- Customize the content of the AGRIS questionnaire to the Ghanaian context;
- Assess the overall efficiency of the customized, integrated questionnaires and their feasibility in terms of length, flow, use of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI), and integration of core and rotating modules;
- Assess the difficulty and relevance of each question, each section and each generic questionnaire for different types of holdings;
- Test the use of Survey Solutions software to implement CAPI data collection, and the current version of the CAPI questionnaires;
- Assess the relevance of the training material developed to train survey enumerators and supervisors.
- Crop and livestock production as well as data on farm characteristics, diversification and structures;
- Farm revenues and expenses;
- Type of labour used by the agricultural holding;
- Farming practices and their linkages with the natural environment;
- Farm machinery, equipment and assets.
The general objective of the pilot was to customize AGRIS instruments and methodologies for adoption as a standard tool to efficiently gather relevant and reliable agricultural data for policy making and monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The specific objectives of the AGRIS Ghana pilot were as follows:
- Elaborate the overall set up of AGRIS in Ghana;
- Customize the content of the AGRIS questionnaire to the Ghanaian context;
- Assess the overall efficiency of the customized, integrated questionnaires and their feasibility in terms of length, flow, use of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI), and integration of core and rotating modules;
- Assess the difficulty and relevance of each question, each section and each generic questionnaire for different types of holdings;
- Test the use of Survey Solutions software to implement CAPI data collection, and the current version of the CAPI questionnaires;
- Assess the relevance of the training material developed to train survey enumerators and supervisors.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Agricultural holdings in the household sector
Scope
Notes
The Core module is a questionnaire developed with the main objective of measuring agricultural production (crop, livestock, and other on-farm production). It also covers essential structural data on the characteristics of the agricultural holding and household and data on agricultural inputs and production methods.
The Core questionnaire with the Production Method and Environment (PME) module was tested in Ahafo Ano South. The PME module collects data on the production processes adopted by the holding, and their environmental impact.
The Core questionnaire with the Production Method and Environment (PME) module was tested in Ahafo Ano South. The PME module collects data on the production processes adopted by the holding, and their environmental impact.
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Agricultural Integrated Surveys |
| Agricultural production |
| Labour input in agriculture |
| Economy |
| Production methods |
| Environment |
| Farm machinery and assets |
| We can develop one for AGRIS |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
District level coverage. The 4 district covered by the survey were:
- Ahafo Ano South (CORE+PME)
- Asante Akim North (CORE+MEA)
- Ejura Sekye Dumase (CORE+LABOUR)
- Sekyere Afram Plains (CORE+ECO)
- Ahafo Ano South (CORE+PME)
- Asante Akim North (CORE+MEA)
- Ejura Sekye Dumase (CORE+LABOUR)
- Sekyere Afram Plains (CORE+ECO)
Universe
All households, agricultural or not, in the 4 surveyed districts.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Food and Agricultural Organization | United Nations |
| Ghana Statistical Service | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Food and Agriculture | Government Of Ghana | Technical Support |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | BMGF | Financial Support |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics (FAO) | United Nation | Technical Support |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Definition of agricultural holding
As stated in the manual of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (FAO, 2015), an agricultural holding is defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock and poultry kept, and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regards to title, legal form, or size. Single management may be exercised by an individual or household, jointly by two or more individuals or households, by a clan or tribe, or by a juridical person such as a corporation, cooperative or government agency (FAO, 2015).
1. The Sampling Frame
The initial plan for the pilot survey was to consider as statistical units, agricultural holdings covering both the household and the non-household sectors, as proposed in the AGRIS methodology.
For holdings in the household sector, no updated list of agricultural households in the country was available, and therefore a sampling frame needed to be established. To do so, the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) was used to build a frame of EAs which were the primary sampling units (PSUs) of the adopted sampling design. After selecting the sample of PSUs in the four districts of interest, a complete list of holdings in the selected EAs was built. All households, agricultural or not, present in the selected EAs were listed.
Holdings in the non-household sector are by definition, economic units such as commercial farms and government institutions engaged in agricultural production. GSS and MoFA provided a list of these holdings to be used as sampling frame. Therefore, the plan was to use as the overall sampling frame a multiple frame composed of the two lists described above (one for the household sector and one for the non-household sector). However, after further discussion and evaluation, it was determined that the list of holdings in the non-household sector could not be considered as a reliable sampling frame for the targeted units. As a consequence, the data collected for the 80 non-household units could not be analysed to represent holdings in the nonhousehold sector.
2. The Sampling design
A stratified two-stage sampling design was used for the holdings in the household sector. The PSUs were the EAs and the secondary sampling units (SSU) were the agricultural households.
3. The Sampling Size
For holdings in the household sector, the calculation of sample size was performed fixing the minimum degree of precision required for the final estimates of main variables of interest. The variable considered to determine the sample size was the area of the agricultural land owned by the households. This information had been collected during the 2012-2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey 6 (GLSS6). Therefore, data from this survey was used to estimate the coefficient of variation (CV) of the variable of interest in the chosen four districts.
It should be noted that the estimation domain of the GLSS6 was the region. For that survey, a two-stage sampling design was used and the PSUs (EAs) were selected in each region with the probability proportional to size (PPS). The measure of size was given by the number of individuals in each region, provided for the chosen districts for the AGRIS-Ghana pilot survey by the GLSS6. For the estimation of the CV of the households' agricultural land, it was assumed that the EAs sampled in GLSS6 and located in the target districts were selected in these districts with the same method of selection (PPS). Thus, the households included in the sample were supposed to have been selected with a two-stage sampling design.
The formula for the computation of the sampling size can be consulted in the final report of the survey.
The number of households to be surveyed in each PSU is fixed to 10. Therefore, the size of the sample of PSU is the size of the sample of the households divided by 10.
4. Agricultural holding definition
As stated in the manual of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (FAO, 2015), an
agricultural holding is defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single
management comprising all livestock and poultry kept, and all land used wholly or partly for
agricultural production purposes, without regards to title, legal form, or size. Single management
may be exercised by an individual or household, jointly by two or more individuals or
households, by a clan or tribe, or by a juridical person such as a corporation, cooperative or
government agency (FAO, 2015).
As stated in the manual of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (FAO, 2015), an agricultural holding is defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock and poultry kept, and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regards to title, legal form, or size. Single management may be exercised by an individual or household, jointly by two or more individuals or households, by a clan or tribe, or by a juridical person such as a corporation, cooperative or government agency (FAO, 2015).
1. The Sampling Frame
The initial plan for the pilot survey was to consider as statistical units, agricultural holdings covering both the household and the non-household sectors, as proposed in the AGRIS methodology.
For holdings in the household sector, no updated list of agricultural households in the country was available, and therefore a sampling frame needed to be established. To do so, the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) was used to build a frame of EAs which were the primary sampling units (PSUs) of the adopted sampling design. After selecting the sample of PSUs in the four districts of interest, a complete list of holdings in the selected EAs was built. All households, agricultural or not, present in the selected EAs were listed.
Holdings in the non-household sector are by definition, economic units such as commercial farms and government institutions engaged in agricultural production. GSS and MoFA provided a list of these holdings to be used as sampling frame. Therefore, the plan was to use as the overall sampling frame a multiple frame composed of the two lists described above (one for the household sector and one for the non-household sector). However, after further discussion and evaluation, it was determined that the list of holdings in the non-household sector could not be considered as a reliable sampling frame for the targeted units. As a consequence, the data collected for the 80 non-household units could not be analysed to represent holdings in the nonhousehold sector.
2. The Sampling design
A stratified two-stage sampling design was used for the holdings in the household sector. The PSUs were the EAs and the secondary sampling units (SSU) were the agricultural households.
3. The Sampling Size
For holdings in the household sector, the calculation of sample size was performed fixing the minimum degree of precision required for the final estimates of main variables of interest. The variable considered to determine the sample size was the area of the agricultural land owned by the households. This information had been collected during the 2012-2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey 6 (GLSS6). Therefore, data from this survey was used to estimate the coefficient of variation (CV) of the variable of interest in the chosen four districts.
It should be noted that the estimation domain of the GLSS6 was the region. For that survey, a two-stage sampling design was used and the PSUs (EAs) were selected in each region with the probability proportional to size (PPS). The measure of size was given by the number of individuals in each region, provided for the chosen districts for the AGRIS-Ghana pilot survey by the GLSS6. For the estimation of the CV of the households' agricultural land, it was assumed that the EAs sampled in GLSS6 and located in the target districts were selected in these districts with the same method of selection (PPS). Thus, the households included in the sample were supposed to have been selected with a two-stage sampling design.
The formula for the computation of the sampling size can be consulted in the final report of the survey.
The number of households to be surveyed in each PSU is fixed to 10. Therefore, the size of the sample of PSU is the size of the sample of the households divided by 10.
4. Agricultural holding definition
As stated in the manual of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (FAO, 2015), an
agricultural holding is defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single
management comprising all livestock and poultry kept, and all land used wholly or partly for
agricultural production purposes, without regards to title, legal form, or size. Single management
may be exercised by an individual or household, jointly by two or more individuals or
households, by a clan or tribe, or by a juridical person such as a corporation, cooperative or
government agency (FAO, 2015).
Deviations from the Sample Design
As mentioned in the sampling procedure section, holdings in the non-household sector were not included in the survey, as per initial plan, due to a problem in the listing frame provided by the Ghana Statistical Service.
Response Rate
Out of 370 households planned for interview, 366 were interviewed (98.91% response rate).
Weighting
All the formulas used to compute sampling weights are mentioned in the final report of the survey.
Wights were adjusted for non-responses.
Wights were adjusted for non-responses.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2018-01-29 | 2018-02-12 |
Time periods
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 2017-03-01 | 2018-02-28 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Supervision
19 enumerators engaged in the data collection exercise. They have been organized in 6 teams, each one of them supervised by a team leader.
Data collection was performed using Survey Solutions, a CAPI software that gives the possibility of including various quality control steps along the data collection process.
After completing a CAPI interview, the enumerator was supposed to syncronyze his/her tablet in order to submit the interview to his/her supervisor. The supervisor would then check the quality of data collected and decide on whether accepting or rejecting the completed case. When a supervisor was opting for the rejection of an interview, the interview would be sent back to the interviewer tablet in order to be corrected as requested. Contrarily, when the supervisor was accepting an interview, this would be sent to the headquarter for his/her final validation. This process would continue until the quality of data collected was considered to be good.
Data collection was performed using Survey Solutions, a CAPI software that gives the possibility of including various quality control steps along the data collection process.
After completing a CAPI interview, the enumerator was supposed to syncronyze his/her tablet in order to submit the interview to his/her supervisor. The supervisor would then check the quality of data collected and decide on whether accepting or rejecting the completed case. When a supervisor was opting for the rejection of an interview, the interview would be sent back to the interviewer tablet in order to be corrected as requested. Contrarily, when the supervisor was accepting an interview, this would be sent to the headquarter for his/her final validation. This process would continue until the quality of data collected was considered to be good.
Data Collection Notes
Data collection took place from the 29th of January 2018 and lasted for approximatively 28 days. Teams were deployed in the 4 surveyed districts (Ahafo Ano South, Asante Akim North, Ejura Sekye Dumase, Sekyere Afram Plains) in the Ashanti Region. A total number of 19 enumerators and 6 supervisors were engaged for data collection. Enumerators were organized in 6 teams:
- Two teams were assigned to Sekyere Afram Plains where data on the Core+Eco modules were collected
- Two teams were assigned to Asante Akim North where data on the Core+Mea moduels were collected
- One team was assigned to Ahafo Ano South where data on the Core+Pme moduels were collected
- One team was assigned to Ejura Sekye Dumase where data on the Core+Labour modules were collected
Prior to data collection, a two-weeks long enumerator training was held to provide training on the use of tablet for computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), and on the contents of the questionnaires.
The average duration of interviews was approximatively 2 hours.
Data collection was also supervised by personnel from Ghana Statistical Service and the Ministry of Agriculture. The few technical issues encountered during data collection are developed in the final report of the pilot survey.
- Two teams were assigned to Sekyere Afram Plains where data on the Core+Eco modules were collected
- Two teams were assigned to Asante Akim North where data on the Core+Mea moduels were collected
- One team was assigned to Ahafo Ano South where data on the Core+Pme moduels were collected
- One team was assigned to Ejura Sekye Dumase where data on the Core+Labour modules were collected
Prior to data collection, a two-weeks long enumerator training was held to provide training on the use of tablet for computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), and on the contents of the questionnaires.
The average duration of interviews was approximatively 2 hours.
Data collection was also supervised by personnel from Ghana Statistical Service and the Ministry of Agriculture. The few technical issues encountered during data collection are developed in the final report of the pilot survey.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service | GSS | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
| Ministry of Food and Agriculture | MoFA | Government Of Ghana |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The AGRIS Core module integrates with the Production Methods and Environment module (Core+Pme) collected information on household and holding characteristics, agricultural production and practices used for agricultural production by holdings.
A full appraisal of the contents of the questionnaires can be get by downloading the questionnaires in the documentation section.
A full appraisal of the contents of the questionnaires can be get by downloading the questionnaires in the documentation section.
Data Processing
Data Editing
The first level of data quality checks was implemented through Survey Solutions, which allows the programmer to develop a questionnaire containing skips and validation rules to minimize errors and inconsistencies in the collected data.
After data collection, data editing and preparation was performed using STATA.
After data collection, data editing and preparation was performed using STATA.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Details on the estimates of sampling error are provided in the final survey report.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| AGRISurvey team | FAO | [email protected] |
Confidentiality
The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO.
Access conditions
Micro datasets disseminated by FAO shall only be allowed for research and statistical purposes. Any user which requests access working for a commercial company will not be granted access to any micro dataset regardless of their specified purpose. Users requesting access to any datasets must agree to the following minimal conditions:
- The micro dataset will only be used for statistical and/or research purposes;
- Any results derived from the micro dataset will be used solely for reporting aggregated information, and not for any specific individual entities or data subjects;
- The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO;
- The micro dataset cannot be re-disseminated by users or shared with anyone other than the individuals that are granted access to the micro dataset by FAO.
- The micro dataset will only be used for statistical and/or research purposes;
- Any results derived from the micro dataset will be used solely for reporting aggregated information, and not for any specific individual entities or data subjects;
- The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO;
- The micro dataset cannot be re-disseminated by users or shared with anyone other than the individuals that are granted access to the micro dataset by FAO.
Citation requirements
Food and Agriculture Organization, Ghana Statistical Service. Agricultural Integrated Survey (AGRIS) - Pilot - PME module, Ghana Pilot Survey 2018. Dataset downloaded from https://microdata.fao.org.
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | United Nations |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_GHA_2018_AGRIS-PME_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | United Nations | Metadata producer |
| Ghana Statistical Service | GSS | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | Metadata producer |
Date of Metadata Production
2019-01-14