Cambodia Agriculture Survey 2020
Cambodia, 2020 - 2021
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Reference ID
KHM_2020_CAS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Producer(s)
National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)
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Metadata
Created on
Mar 21, 2023
Last modified
Mar 30, 2023
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1441
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Identification
Survey ID Number
KHM_2020_CAS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
Cambodia Agriculture Survey 2020
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cambodia | KHM |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Series Information
The Cambodia Agriculture Survey (CAS) 2020, conducted between December 2020 and January 2021, was a comprehensive statistical undertaking for the collection and compilation of information on crop cultivation, livestock and poultry raising, and aquaculture and capture fishing operations. The survey was conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of the Ministry of Planning, in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), and with technical support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
CAS 2020 was developed under the scope of “The 50x2030 Initiative to Close the Agricultural Data Gap”, a multi-donor initiative implemented through a unique partnership between the World Bank, FAO and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), with the aim of building national statistical capacity and establishing efficient and durable national agricultural data collection systems.
CAS 2020 was developed under the scope of “The 50x2030 Initiative to Close the Agricultural Data Gap”, a multi-donor initiative implemented through a unique partnership between the World Bank, FAO and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), with the aim of building national statistical capacity and establishing efficient and durable national agricultural data collection systems.
Abstract
The CAS 2020 was a comprehensive statistical undertaking for the collection and compilation of information on crop cultivation, raising livestock and poultry, and aquaculture and capture fishing operations.
The main objective of the CAS 2020 is to provide data on the current agricultural situation in the country that can be utilized by the planners and policy-makers. Specifically, the survey data is useful for:
1. Providing an updated sampling frame in the conduct of agricultural surveys;
2. Providing data at the country and regional level, with some items available at the province level;
3. Providing data on the current structure of the country’s agricultural holdings, including cropping, raising livestock and poultry, and aquaculture and capture fishing activities.
The data collected and generated from this survey effort will help reflect progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development goals for the agricultural sector, focusing on:
- Goal 1: End poverty in all forms everywhere.
- Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
- Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
- Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
The questionnaire collected data on several aspects of the agricultural holding, including demographic information about the holder and the household members, crop production, livestock and poultry raising, aquaculture, capture fishing, and labour used by the holding. New for the CAS 2020 were additional questions on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural activities and a household-based Food Insecurity Experience Scale.
Data was collected from household agricultural holdings and juridical agricultural holdings. Only the household agricultural holdings are included in the released microdata.
The main objective of the CAS 2020 is to provide data on the current agricultural situation in the country that can be utilized by the planners and policy-makers. Specifically, the survey data is useful for:
1. Providing an updated sampling frame in the conduct of agricultural surveys;
2. Providing data at the country and regional level, with some items available at the province level;
3. Providing data on the current structure of the country’s agricultural holdings, including cropping, raising livestock and poultry, and aquaculture and capture fishing activities.
The data collected and generated from this survey effort will help reflect progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development goals for the agricultural sector, focusing on:
- Goal 1: End poverty in all forms everywhere.
- Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
- Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
- Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
The questionnaire collected data on several aspects of the agricultural holding, including demographic information about the holder and the household members, crop production, livestock and poultry raising, aquaculture, capture fishing, and labour used by the holding. New for the CAS 2020 were additional questions on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural activities and a household-based Food Insecurity Experience Scale.
Data was collected from household agricultural holdings and juridical agricultural holdings. Only the household agricultural holdings are included in the released microdata.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Household agricultural holdings and juridical agricultural holdings.
NOTE: the juridical agricultural holdings are not included in the released microdata
NOTE: the juridical agricultural holdings are not included in the released microdata
Scope
Notes
The CAS 2020 was undertaken in two overlapping phases: One phase focused on the juridical holdings, with data collection taking place from 12 December 2020 through 4 January 2021. The other phase included the interviews of agricultural households was conducted during the period 28 December 2020 to 10 January 2021.
The 12-month period prior to 1 July 2020 (i.e., from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020) was used as the reference period for the data collection effort. However, the reference period for some of the items was different from the time period specified, and is thus indicated separately for data items as needed. For example, for some livestock items the number of animals on a holding is collected with the day of 1 July 2020 as the reference date.
The CAS 2020 used a panel approach utilizing the CIAS 2019 household holding sample, which was extracted through a two-stage stratified sampling procedure, with EAs as primary units and households engaged in agriculture as secondary units.
The 12-month period prior to 1 July 2020 (i.e., from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020) was used as the reference period for the data collection effort. However, the reference period for some of the items was different from the time period specified, and is thus indicated separately for data items as needed. For example, for some livestock items the number of animals on a holding is collected with the day of 1 July 2020 as the reference date.
The CAS 2020 used a panel approach utilizing the CIAS 2019 household holding sample, which was extracted through a two-stage stratified sampling procedure, with EAs as primary units and households engaged in agriculture as secondary units.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Agricultural Production | World Bank |
| Economy | World Bank |
| Labour | World Bank |
| Prodcution Methods and Enviornment | World Bank |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Agricultural production |
| Crops |
| Livestock |
| AGRISurvey |
| Agricultural practices |
| Agricultural households |
| Aquaculture |
| Capture fishing |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The CAS 2020 provides national coverage. The national territory is divided in four Regions or Zones (Coastal Region, Plains Region, Plateau and Mountain Region, and Tonle Sap Region) and 25 Provinces (Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondul Kiri, Otdar Meanchey, Pailin, Phnom Penh, Preah Sihanouk, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanak Kiri, Siem Reap, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo, and Tboung Khmum.).
Universe
Agricultural households, i.e. holdings in the household sector that are involved in agricultural activities, including the growing of crops, raising of livestock or poultry, and aquaculture or capture fishing activities. It was not considered a minimum threshold to determine a household's engagement in the above mentioned activities.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Ministry of Planning | Royal Government of Cambodia |
| Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) | Royal Government of Cambodia |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | United Nations | Technical assistance in the design, implementation and dissemination of CIAS 2019 |
| Ministry of Economy and Finance | Royal Government of Cambodia | Provided budgetary support |
| Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology | Royal Government of Cambodia | Technical Committee member |
| Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation | Royal Government of Cambodia | Technical Committee member |
| Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction | Royal Government of Cambodia | Technical Committee member |
| Council of Ministers | Royal Government of Cambodia | Technical Committee member |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| United States Agency of International Development | USAID |
| Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation | BMGF |
| Royal Government of Cambodia | RGC |
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The CAS 2020 utilized the same sample from the CIAS 2019, which was the 2013 Agriculture Census Sampling Frame. This frame consisted of around 14,000 villages and 35,000 Enumeration Areas (EAs).
The target population comprised the households that were engaged in agriculture, fishery and/or aquaculture. Given their low number of rural villages, the following districts were excluded from the frame: Krong Preah Sihanouk (province Preah Sihanouk), Krong Siem Reab (province Siemreap). Khan Chamkar Mon, Khan Doun Penh, Khan Prampir Meakkakra, Khan Tuol Kouk, Khan Ruessei Kaev, and Khan Chhbar Ampov (province Phnom Penh).
Since the number of rural households per EA was not known, in order to calculate the number of rural households in each province the sum of the households in the villages that were classified as rural was computed. The listing operation in each sampled EA was conducted for the CIAS 2019 with the aim of identifying the target population, i.e., the households engaged in agricultural activities.
The CAS 2020 used a panel approach utilizing the CIAS 2019 household holding sample, which was extracted through a two-stage stratified sampling procedure, with EAs as primary units and households engaged in agriculture as secondary units. In the CIAS 2019, 1,350 EAs and 12 agricultural households for each EA were selected, for a total planned sample size of 16,000 households. The 1,350 EAs were allocated to the provinces (statistical domains) proportionally to the number of rural households. Since there are no rural villages in Phnom Penh, 50 EAs (corresponding to 60,000 rural households) were allocated to Phnom Penh Province by default and 1,320 EAs were allocated to the other provinces. In order to select the EAs within each province, the villages were ordered by district, then by commune, then by type of village (Rural-Urban) and a systematic sampling was performed, with probability proportional to size (number of households). The total effective sample size of the survey was 14,722 agricultural households.
The target population comprised the households that were engaged in agriculture, fishery and/or aquaculture. Given their low number of rural villages, the following districts were excluded from the frame: Krong Preah Sihanouk (province Preah Sihanouk), Krong Siem Reab (province Siemreap). Khan Chamkar Mon, Khan Doun Penh, Khan Prampir Meakkakra, Khan Tuol Kouk, Khan Ruessei Kaev, and Khan Chhbar Ampov (province Phnom Penh).
Since the number of rural households per EA was not known, in order to calculate the number of rural households in each province the sum of the households in the villages that were classified as rural was computed. The listing operation in each sampled EA was conducted for the CIAS 2019 with the aim of identifying the target population, i.e., the households engaged in agricultural activities.
The CAS 2020 used a panel approach utilizing the CIAS 2019 household holding sample, which was extracted through a two-stage stratified sampling procedure, with EAs as primary units and households engaged in agriculture as secondary units. In the CIAS 2019, 1,350 EAs and 12 agricultural households for each EA were selected, for a total planned sample size of 16,000 households. The 1,350 EAs were allocated to the provinces (statistical domains) proportionally to the number of rural households. Since there are no rural villages in Phnom Penh, 50 EAs (corresponding to 60,000 rural households) were allocated to Phnom Penh Province by default and 1,320 EAs were allocated to the other provinces. In order to select the EAs within each province, the villages were ordered by district, then by commune, then by type of village (Rural-Urban) and a systematic sampling was performed, with probability proportional to size (number of households). The total effective sample size of the survey was 14,722 agricultural households.
Weighting
The sample design and stratification procedures resulted in agricultural households having different probabilities of selection. With this under consideration, a sampling weight was calculated for each agricultural household in the sample. The weights were then corrected for non-response and attrition, and calibrated using the number of agricultural households by province obtained through the Cambodia General Population Census 2019. Finally, this reported data was summed to the province, region and national levels.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-12 | 2021-01 | Data collection for household holdings |
| 2021-01 | Data collection for juridical holings |
Time periods
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 2019-07-01 | 2020-06-30 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Supervision
Both Data and Field Supervisors assisted Enumerators in their work. Field Supervisors were responsible for assisting with enumerator issues in the field, encouraging good relationships with village contacts and promoting cooperation from the agricultural household respondents. Data Supervisors were responsible for conducting data quality control checks, assisting with tablet technical issues and distributing survey assignments to the enumerators. A Headquarters Supervisory team was created to perform the final data quality checks, with this group reviewing the work of all enumerators and communicating issues to the Data Supervisors as needed throughout the survey process.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Ministry of Planning | NIS | Royal Government of Cambodia |
| Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries | MAFF | Royal Government of Cambodia |
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data editing for CAS 2020 took place throughout all the survey implementation, particularly during the following stages:
- data entry, thanks to consistency checks included in the CAPI tool that made use of Survey Solutions software;
- data approval by Data Supervisors, who checked the interviews sent by enumerators through the Survey Solutions software and, in case of errors or suspicious data detected, returned the record to the enumerator to address the issues with the respondent if needed;
- data approval by Headquarter Supervisors, who double-checked the completed questionnaires after being approved by Data Supervisors. If any issues or suspicious data were discovered, the records were returned back to the enumerators for verification or correction.
- data-cleaning phase, where approved data were cleaned in Rstudio through automatic detection of outliers and suspicious records, using validation rules that also took into account validity ranges and comparison with similar data from other sources. In this phase, some respondents were also recontacted to fix possibly wrong responses;
- data-imputation phase, where some values coming from item non-response or systematic errors were imputed.
- data entry, thanks to consistency checks included in the CAPI tool that made use of Survey Solutions software;
- data approval by Data Supervisors, who checked the interviews sent by enumerators through the Survey Solutions software and, in case of errors or suspicious data detected, returned the record to the enumerator to address the issues with the respondent if needed;
- data approval by Headquarter Supervisors, who double-checked the completed questionnaires after being approved by Data Supervisors. If any issues or suspicious data were discovered, the records were returned back to the enumerators for verification or correction.
- data-cleaning phase, where approved data were cleaned in Rstudio through automatic detection of outliers and suspicious records, using validation rules that also took into account validity ranges and comparison with similar data from other sources. In this phase, some respondents were also recontacted to fix possibly wrong responses;
- data-imputation phase, where some values coming from item non-response or systematic errors were imputed.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| H.E. Nor Vanndy | Director of the Economic Statistics, National Institute of Statistics | [email protected] | www.nis.gov.kh |
| H.E. Saint Lundy | Deputy Director General, National Institute of Statistics | [email protected] | |
| Mr Chao Pheav | Director of ICT Department, National Institute of Statistics | [email protected] |
Confidentiality
The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO
Access conditions
Micro datasets disseminated by FAO shall only be allowed for research and statistical purposes. Any user which requests access working for a commercial company will not be granted access to any micro dataset regardless of their specified purpose. Users requesting access to any datasets must agree to the following minimal conditions:
- The micro dataset will only be used for statistical and/or research purposes;
- Any results derived from the micro dataset will be used solely for reporting aggregated information, and not for any specific individual entities or data subjects;
- The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO;
- The micro dataset cannot be re-disseminated by users or shared with anyone other than the individuals that are granted access to the micro dataset by FAO.
- The micro dataset will only be used for statistical and/or research purposes;
- Any results derived from the micro dataset will be used solely for reporting aggregated information, and not for any specific individual entities or data subjects;
- The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO;
- The micro dataset cannot be re-disseminated by users or shared with anyone other than the individuals that are granted access to the micro dataset by FAO.
Citation requirements
National Institute of Statistics of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Cambodia Agricultural Survey 2020 (CAS 2020), public use dataset (December 2022), retrieved from the NIS National Data Archive (nada.nis.gov.kh).
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Institute of Statistics | www.nis.gov.kh |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses
Copyright
(c) 2022, National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Ministry of Planning, of the Kingdom of Cambodia
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_KHM_2020_CAS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | NIS | Ministry of Planning, Cambodia | Documentation of the study |
| Food and Agriculture Organization | FAO | United Nations | Technical assistance for CAS2020 |
| Office of the Chief Statistician | FAO | United Nations | Metadata adapted for FAM |
Date of Metadata Production
2022-12-31