Household Socio-Economic Survey 2006-2007
Iraq, 2006 - 2007
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Reference ID
IRQ_2006-2007_IHSES_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS
Producer(s)
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (COSIT), Kurdistan Regional Statistics Office (KRSO)
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Aug 27, 2024
Last modified
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Identification
Survey ID Number
IRQ_2006-2007_IHSES_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS
Title
Household Socio-Economic Survey 2006-2007
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Iraq | IRQ |
Study type
Living Standards Measurement Study [hh/lsms]
Series Information
This survey is the first of its kind in the Republic of Iraq since 1988, since it covered all 18 governorates following more advance methodology. Other household surveys were carried out in 1993, but Kurdistan Region was excluded. Also part of the a survey was carried out covering only one season and no report was issued. Previous household budget surveys have taken place in the Republic of Iraq in 1992 and 2002
Abstract
In order to develop an effective poverty reduction policies and programs, Iraqi policy makers need to know how large the poverty problem is, what kind of people are poor, and what are the causes and consequences of poverty. Until recently, they had neither the data nor an official poverty line. (The last national income and expenditure survey was in 1988.) In response to this situation, the Iraqi Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation established the Household Survey and Policies for Poverty Reduction Project in 2006, with financial and technical support of the World Bank. The project has been led by the Iraqi Poverty Reduction Strategy High Committee, a group which includes representatives from Parliament, the prime minister’s office, the Kurdistan Regional Government, and the ministries of Planning and Development Cooperation, Finance, Trade, Labor and Social Affairs, Education, Health, Women’s Affairs, and Baghdad University. The Project has consisted of three components:
- Collection of data which can provide a measurable indicator of welfare, i.e.the Iraq Household Socio Economic Survey (IHSES).
- Establishment of an official poverty line (i.e. a cut off point below which people are considered poor) and analysis of poverty (how large the poverty problem is, what kind of people are poor and what are the causes and consequences of poverty). - Development of a Poverty Reduction Strategy, based on a solid understanding of poverty in the Republic of Iraq.
- Collection of data which can provide a measurable indicator of welfare, i.e.the Iraq Household Socio Economic Survey (IHSES).
- Establishment of an official poverty line (i.e. a cut off point below which people are considered poor) and analysis of poverty (how large the poverty problem is, what kind of people are poor and what are the causes and consequences of poverty). - Development of a Poverty Reduction Strategy, based on a solid understanding of poverty in the Republic of Iraq.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Household - Individual
Version
Version Description
Version 02: Individual datasets have been modified so that they can more easily be compared to the 2012 datasets. In the new version, the variable names were renamed. Note that, consumption aggregate was also recalculated.
Scope
Notes
The 2006-07 Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey included the following topics:
- HOUSEHOLD: household roster; Household members, demographic characteristics, geographic location
- THE GOVERNMENT RATION: Received items, total cost of received items, its effective distribution, how far households rely on the ration, the quality of food items, the quantities of the food items
- HOUSING: housing characteristics; access to water and sanitation, access to power, area, ownership/rent, number of HHs in each house, building materials and environmental impact
- EDUCATION: education level of all household members, school enrolment, dropouts, language/s literacy, illeteracy rates, cost of education
- HEALTH: disabilities and chronic diseases, access to Primary Health Care services, cost of heath services, Diseases and accidents, under 5 immunisation programme
- RECREATION ACTIVITIES: acces to and use of recreation facilities; sports, arts, internet, etc.
- EMPLOYMENT : past employment, jobs during the past 12 months, search for jobs, jobs charachteristics, wages earned, non-wage activities
- EXPENDITURE: daily food and non-food expenditure, 30 day non-food expenditure, 90 day non-food expenditure, 12 month non-food expenditure
- INCOME: wages earned, non-wage activities, income from property and transfers
- REVENUE: loans, credits and financial aid
- RISKS: conflict based risks, subsidies agains inflicted damages (personal or property), coping strategies
- TIME USE: how members of households over 10 years use their time
- HOUSEHOLD: household roster; Household members, demographic characteristics, geographic location
- THE GOVERNMENT RATION: Received items, total cost of received items, its effective distribution, how far households rely on the ration, the quality of food items, the quantities of the food items
- HOUSING: housing characteristics; access to water and sanitation, access to power, area, ownership/rent, number of HHs in each house, building materials and environmental impact
- EDUCATION: education level of all household members, school enrolment, dropouts, language/s literacy, illeteracy rates, cost of education
- HEALTH: disabilities and chronic diseases, access to Primary Health Care services, cost of heath services, Diseases and accidents, under 5 immunisation programme
- RECREATION ACTIVITIES: acces to and use of recreation facilities; sports, arts, internet, etc.
- EMPLOYMENT : past employment, jobs during the past 12 months, search for jobs, jobs charachteristics, wages earned, non-wage activities
- EXPENDITURE: daily food and non-food expenditure, 30 day non-food expenditure, 90 day non-food expenditure, 12 month non-food expenditure
- INCOME: wages earned, non-wage activities, income from property and transfers
- REVENUE: loans, credits and financial aid
- RISKS: conflict based risks, subsidies agains inflicted damages (personal or property), coping strategies
- TIME USE: how members of households over 10 years use their time
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage Domains: Urban/rural/metropolitan; governorates
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (COSIT) |
| Kurdistan Regional Statistics Office (KRSO) |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| The World Bank | Technical and capacity building in all phases of the survey. |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of Iraq | GovIRQ | Funded the study |
| Multi-country trust fund | Funded the study | |
| The World Bank | WBG | Funded the study |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sistemas Integrales | Consulting firm | Technical assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Total sample size and stratification
The total effective sample size of the IHSES 2007 is 17,822 households. The survey was nominally designed to visit 18,144 households - 324 in each of 56 major strata. The strata are the rural, urban and metropolitan sections of each of the Republic of Iraq's 18 governorates, with the exception of Baghdad, which has three metropolitan strata. The IHSES 2007 and the MICS 2006 survey intended to visit the same nominal sample. Variable q0040 indicates whether this was indeed the case.
Sampling strategy and sampling stages
The sample was selected in two stages, with groups of majals (Census Enumeration Areas) as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and households as Secondary Sampling Units. In the first stage, 54 PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size (pps) within each stratum, using the number of households recorded by the 1997 Census as a measure of size. In the second stage, six households were selected by systematic equal probability sampling (seps) within each PSU. To these effects, a cartographic updating and household listing operation was conducted in 2006 in all 3,024 PSUs, without resorting to the segmentation of any large PSUs. The total sample is thus nominally composed of 6 households in each of 3,024 PSUs.
Trios, teams and survey waves
The PSUs selected in each governorate (270 in Baghdad and 162 in each of the other governorates) were sorted into groups of three neighboring PSUs called trios -- 90 trios in Baghdad and 54 per governorate elsewhere. The three PSUs in each trio do not necessarily belong to the same stratum.
The 12 months of the data collection period were divided into 18 periods of 20 or 21 days called survey waves. Fieldworkers were organized into teams of three interviewers, each team being responsible for interviewing one trio during a survey wave. The survey used 56 teams in total - 5 in Baghdad and 3 per governorate elsewhere. The 18 trios assigned to each team were allocated into survey waves at random.
The 'time use' module was administered to two of the six households selected in each PSU: nominally the second and fifth households selected by the seps procedure in the PSU.
(For a formatted version of this field, see "IHSES sampling design and sampling weights.pdf" in "External Resources".)
(For a map of Iraq's governorates and districts, see "Iraq governorates and districts.pdf" in "External Resources".)
The total effective sample size of the IHSES 2007 is 17,822 households. The survey was nominally designed to visit 18,144 households - 324 in each of 56 major strata. The strata are the rural, urban and metropolitan sections of each of the Republic of Iraq's 18 governorates, with the exception of Baghdad, which has three metropolitan strata. The IHSES 2007 and the MICS 2006 survey intended to visit the same nominal sample. Variable q0040 indicates whether this was indeed the case.
Sampling strategy and sampling stages
The sample was selected in two stages, with groups of majals (Census Enumeration Areas) as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and households as Secondary Sampling Units. In the first stage, 54 PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size (pps) within each stratum, using the number of households recorded by the 1997 Census as a measure of size. In the second stage, six households were selected by systematic equal probability sampling (seps) within each PSU. To these effects, a cartographic updating and household listing operation was conducted in 2006 in all 3,024 PSUs, without resorting to the segmentation of any large PSUs. The total sample is thus nominally composed of 6 households in each of 3,024 PSUs.
Trios, teams and survey waves
The PSUs selected in each governorate (270 in Baghdad and 162 in each of the other governorates) were sorted into groups of three neighboring PSUs called trios -- 90 trios in Baghdad and 54 per governorate elsewhere. The three PSUs in each trio do not necessarily belong to the same stratum.
The 12 months of the data collection period were divided into 18 periods of 20 or 21 days called survey waves. Fieldworkers were organized into teams of three interviewers, each team being responsible for interviewing one trio during a survey wave. The survey used 56 teams in total - 5 in Baghdad and 3 per governorate elsewhere. The 18 trios assigned to each team were allocated into survey waves at random.
The 'time use' module was administered to two of the six households selected in each PSU: nominally the second and fifth households selected by the seps procedure in the PSU.
(For a formatted version of this field, see "IHSES sampling design and sampling weights.pdf" in "External Resources".)
(For a map of Iraq's governorates and districts, see "Iraq governorates and districts.pdf" in "External Resources".)
Deviations from the Sample Design
The design did not consider the replacement of any of the randomly selected units (PSUs or households.) However, certain emergency procedures were defined to deal with security situations: If a survey team was unable to visit a trio of PSUs in the originally allocated wave, that trio was to be swapped with the trio from a randomly selected future wave that was secure at the time. If none of the still unvisited trios was secure, one of the secure trios already visited was randomly selected instead, and the team visited in each of its PSUs a new seps sample of six households - different from those interviewed when the trio was visited the first time.
This explains why the survey datasets only contain data from 2,876 of the 3,024 originally selected PSUs, whereas 55 of the PSUs contain more that the six households nominally dictated by the design.
The wave number in the survey datasets is always the nominal wave number, corresponding to the random allocation considered by the design. The effective interview dates can be found in questions 35 to 39 of the survey questionnaires.
Practice deviated from the designed procedures in two cases: In one of the governorates (Suleimaniya,) the survey was fielded for an additional two waves (waves 19 and 20,) in order to visit an extra 18 PSUs, selected from certain metropolitan areas that were not included in the original sample frame. These areas are to be analyzed jointly with the rest of metropolitan Suleimaniya, but from a sampling standpoint they constitute a de facto fourth stratum in the governorate. In another governorate (Kirkuk,) local managers used their judgment rather than the established procedures to select 12 replacement PSUs. To identify the 30 PSUs resulting from these deviations in the survey datasets, their original 'cluster numbers' (ranging from 0001 to 3024) were increased by 5000.
This explains why the survey datasets only contain data from 2,876 of the 3,024 originally selected PSUs, whereas 55 of the PSUs contain more that the six households nominally dictated by the design.
The wave number in the survey datasets is always the nominal wave number, corresponding to the random allocation considered by the design. The effective interview dates can be found in questions 35 to 39 of the survey questionnaires.
Practice deviated from the designed procedures in two cases: In one of the governorates (Suleimaniya,) the survey was fielded for an additional two waves (waves 19 and 20,) in order to visit an extra 18 PSUs, selected from certain metropolitan areas that were not included in the original sample frame. These areas are to be analyzed jointly with the rest of metropolitan Suleimaniya, but from a sampling standpoint they constitute a de facto fourth stratum in the governorate. In another governorate (Kirkuk,) local managers used their judgment rather than the established procedures to select 12 replacement PSUs. To identify the 30 PSUs resulting from these deviations in the survey datasets, their original 'cluster numbers' (ranging from 0001 to 3024) were increased by 5000.
Weighting
The selection probability p[hij] of household hij in PSU hi of stratum h is given by
p[hij] = k[h] n[hi] m[hi] / N[h] n'[hi]
where
k[h] is the number of PSUs selected in stratum h;
n[hi] is the number of households in PSU hi, as per the 1997 Census;
N[h] is the total number of households in stratum h (also as per the 1997 Census;)
m[hi] is the number of households selected in PSU hi; and
n'[hi] is the number of households in PSU hi, as per the 2006 listing operation.
k[h] is always 54, except in the extra metropolitan stratum in Suleimaniya (18 PSUs,) and in the three Kirkuk strata (55 rural PSUs, 55 urban PSUs, and 64 metropolitan PSUs -- see field "Deviations from Sample Design.")
The nominal value of m[hi] is 2 for the time use module and 6 for all other modules.
The 'probability weight' w[hij] of househild hij is the inverse of its selection probability p[hij].
In the survey datasets, the probability weights so obtained were affected by governorate-wise coefficients intended to have the estimated populations match the corresponding projections used by the national food ration system.
(For a formatted version of this field, see "Doc\IHSES sampling design and sampling weights.pdf" in "External Resources".)
(For an Excel spreadsheet that calculates the weights, see "Doc\Weight calculations5.xls" in "External Resources".)
p[hij] = k[h] n[hi] m[hi] / N[h] n'[hi]
where
k[h] is the number of PSUs selected in stratum h;
n[hi] is the number of households in PSU hi, as per the 1997 Census;
N[h] is the total number of households in stratum h (also as per the 1997 Census;)
m[hi] is the number of households selected in PSU hi; and
n'[hi] is the number of households in PSU hi, as per the 2006 listing operation.
k[h] is always 54, except in the extra metropolitan stratum in Suleimaniya (18 PSUs,) and in the three Kirkuk strata (55 rural PSUs, 55 urban PSUs, and 64 metropolitan PSUs -- see field "Deviations from Sample Design.")
The nominal value of m[hi] is 2 for the time use module and 6 for all other modules.
The 'probability weight' w[hij] of househild hij is the inverse of its selection probability p[hij].
In the survey datasets, the probability weights so obtained were affected by governorate-wise coefficients intended to have the estimated populations match the corresponding projections used by the national food ration system.
(For a formatted version of this field, see "Doc\IHSES sampling design and sampling weights.pdf" in "External Resources".)
(For an Excel spreadsheet that calculates the weights, see "Doc\Weight calculations5.xls" in "External Resources".)
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2006-11-01 | 2007-11-01 | Initially planned data collection period |
| 2007-11-01 | 2007-12-15 | Extension of data collection in Kurdistan region |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The interviewers were supervised by 56 local supervisors along with regular supervision visits by central supervisors.
Data Collection Notes
The IHSES collected data during a 12-month period, using 56 field teams distributed through all 18 Iraqi governorates. Each team consisted of one local supervisor, three interviewers and one data entry operator - the latter being responsible of data entry at the governorate office (see "Data Processing" field.) The 12 months of fieldwork were divided into 18 "waves" of 20 or 21 days each. Each field team was responsible for completing three clusters during one wave. As in each cluster 6 households were selected (see "Sampling" field,) the three interviewers of a team completed 18 households in 20-21 days.
Information on food purchases was recorded on a diary during 10 days in each household. During this period interviewers had to visit each household at least 7 times, to make sure that this diary was being properly recorded. During some of those visits, they administered other parts of the questionnaire in independent booklets called "forms." Data entry of the forms started a few days after the first visit to the household, and printouts with the inconsistencies found by the data entry program were sent back to the field teams, who corrected the inconsistencies during the following visits.
A pilot survey was carried out before the beginning of, fieldwork to identify and solve operational hurdles (see report XX in "External resources".)
For security reasons, some clusters in some governorates could not be visited when planned. Besides this, in parts of Kurdistan the fieldwork started with some delay. For those reasons, the fieldwork on those particular areas was expanded for 2 extra waves (19 and 20.)
After the end of each wave, the field teams transferred the datasets to the Data Manager at the survey's Operation Room. The decentralization of data entry and the integration of computer-based quality control to fieldwork allowed the Operations Room in Baghdad to assess and monitor the action of the field teams directly, without any need of intermediate management levels. Government coordinators and central supervisors were used, however, to facilitate logistics and finance.
Information on food purchases was recorded on a diary during 10 days in each household. During this period interviewers had to visit each household at least 7 times, to make sure that this diary was being properly recorded. During some of those visits, they administered other parts of the questionnaire in independent booklets called "forms." Data entry of the forms started a few days after the first visit to the household, and printouts with the inconsistencies found by the data entry program were sent back to the field teams, who corrected the inconsistencies during the following visits.
A pilot survey was carried out before the beginning of, fieldwork to identify and solve operational hurdles (see report XX in "External resources".)
For security reasons, some clusters in some governorates could not be visited when planned. Besides this, in parts of Kurdistan the fieldwork started with some delay. For those reasons, the fieldwork on those particular areas was expanded for 2 extra waves (19 and 20.)
After the end of each wave, the field teams transferred the datasets to the Data Manager at the survey's Operation Room. The decentralization of data entry and the integration of computer-based quality control to fieldwork allowed the Operations Room in Baghdad to assess and monitor the action of the field teams directly, without any need of intermediate management levels. Government coordinators and central supervisors were used, however, to facilitate logistics and finance.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaire was designed by COSIT in continuous consultation with the WB consultants. It is composed of 18 sections covering household characteristics, government ration, housing, education, health, recreation facilities, employment, expenditure and income, transfers and risks along with the diary and time use. A pre-test of the questionnaire was conducted at an early stage of the project in a small number of households with different characteristics in some governorates. To facilitate its administration, the questionnaire was divided into 5 physical booklets called "forms". Form 1 gathers socio economic information on household members and housing; Form 2 is to record non food expenditures, Form 3 is for employment, transfers and others; Form 4 is the diary used to record household's food purchases during 10 days and finally Form 5 with the time use sheet administered to one third of the households in the sample. All forms where produced in three languages: Arabic, Kurdish and English (all available in "External Resources").
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:
1. Office editing by local supervisors.
2. Based on the validation rules incorporated in the data entry program (CSPro), rejection reports were produced, based on which data are corrected.
3. Structural checking of SPSS data files.
4. Automatic fixing programme at the analysis phase. Detailed documentation of the editing of data can be found in the "Data processing guidelines" document provided as an external resource.
1. Office editing by local supervisors.
2. Based on the validation rules incorporated in the data entry program (CSPro), rejection reports were produced, based on which data are corrected.
3. Structural checking of SPSS data files.
4. Automatic fixing programme at the analysis phase. Detailed documentation of the editing of data can be found in the "Data processing guidelines" document provided as an external resource.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The estimation of standard errors must account for the design features explained in the "Sampling" field. (See also "IHSES sampling design and sample weights" in "External Resources.")
The following variables, included in all datasets, are needed for the estimation of standard errors:
xweight : sampling weight
xstrat: sampling stratum
xcluster: primary sampling unit
Warning: Variable 'xbeea', also present in all datasets, identifies rural, urban and metropolitan environments for tabulation purposes; it is sometimes wrongly referred to as 'stratum', but it should not be used for the estimation of sampling errors. The variable that needs to be used for these purposes is 'xstrat', which identifies the 57 sampling strata, defined as the rural, urban and metropolitan sectors of each of each of the 18 governorates, with the exception of Baghdad (which has three metropolitan sectors,) and Suleimaniya (which has two.)
The following variables, included in all datasets, are needed for the estimation of standard errors:
xweight : sampling weight
xstrat: sampling stratum
xcluster: primary sampling unit
Warning: Variable 'xbeea', also present in all datasets, identifies rural, urban and metropolitan environments for tabulation purposes; it is sometimes wrongly referred to as 'stratum', but it should not be used for the estimation of sampling errors. The variable that needs to be used for these purposes is 'xstrat', which identifies the 57 sampling strata, defined as the rural, urban and metropolitan sectors of each of each of the 18 governorates, with the exception of Baghdad (which has three metropolitan sectors,) and Suleimaniya (which has two.)
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LSMS Data Manager | The World Bank | [email protected] | Link |
Access conditions
In receiving these data it is recognized that the data are supplied for use within your organization, and you agree to the following stipulations as conditions for the use of the data:
The data are supplied solely for the use described in this form and will not be made available to other organizations or individuals. Other organizations or individuals may request the data directly.
Three copies of all publications, conference papers, or other research reports based entirely or in part upon the requested data will be supplied to:
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (COSIT)
http://cosit.gov.iq/english/
AND
The World Bank, Development Economics Research Group
LSMS Database Administrator
MSN MC3-306
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433, USA
tel: (202) 473-9041
fax: (202) 522-1153
e-mail: [email protected]
The researcher will refer to the 2006-07 Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey as the source of the information in all publications, conference papers, and manuscripts. At the same time, the World Bank is not responsable for the estimations reported by the analyst(s).
Users who download the data may not pass the data to third parties.
The database cannot be used for commercial ends, nor can it be sold.
The data are supplied solely for the use described in this form and will not be made available to other organizations or individuals. Other organizations or individuals may request the data directly.
Three copies of all publications, conference papers, or other research reports based entirely or in part upon the requested data will be supplied to:
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (COSIT)
http://cosit.gov.iq/english/
AND
The World Bank, Development Economics Research Group
LSMS Database Administrator
MSN MC3-306
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433, USA
tel: (202) 473-9041
fax: (202) 522-1153
e-mail: [email protected]
The researcher will refer to the 2006-07 Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey as the source of the information in all publications, conference papers, and manuscripts. At the same time, the World Bank is not responsable for the estimations reported by the analyst(s).
Users who download the data may not pass the data to third parties.
The database cannot be used for commercial ends, nor can it be sold.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include: - the Identification of the Primary Investigator - the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation) - the survey reference number - the source and date of download
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_IRQ_2006-2007_IHSES_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Metadata producer |
| Statistics Division | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata adapted for FAM |
DDI Document version
IRQ_2006-2007_IHSES_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS_v01