Survey of Agricultural Holdings - Machinery, Equipments and Asset Module, 2022.
Georgia, 2023
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Reference ID
GEO_2022_SAH-MEA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS
Producer(s)
National Statistics Office of Georgia (Geostat)
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Aug 27, 2024
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Aug 30, 2024
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Identification
Survey ID Number
GEO_2022_SAH-MEA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS
Title
Survey of Agricultural Holdings - Machinery, Equipments and Asset Module, 2022.
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Georgia | GEO |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Abstract
The sample design of the Machinery, Equipment and Asset module survey is based on the sample of the current Survey of Agricultural Holdings, so firstly given the design of the current Survey. The main purpose of the Survey of Agricultural Holdings as well as Machinery, Equipment and Asset module is to produce official indicators in line with agricultural sector.
The survey allows the compilation of statistics on crops and animal husbandry, of which information annual and permanent crops, sown area, average yield of annual crops, farming practices and their linkages with the natural environment, crop and livestock production methods, access to and use of information services, infrastructure and communal resources and etc. Statistical tables are accessible through the following link: https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/196/agriculture.
Machinery, Equipment and Asset Module is part of main Survey of Agricultural Holdings. One round of the main survey (reference year) includes 5 inquiries: The Inception interview is carried out using the inception questionnaire during the period of January-February of the reference year. During this interview the sampled holdings are identified and situation existing at the holding as of first January is recorded. I, II and III quarter interviews are conducted by means of quarterly questionnaire at the beginning of the following month of the corresponding quarter of the reference year. Based on these surveys, the information about agricultural activities during the corresponding quarter is collected. The final interview is conducted by means of final questionnaire in January of the following year of the reference year. During this interview, the information about agricultural activities at the holding during IV quarter of the reference year and the summery information about agricultural activities at the holding during the whole reference year (from 1 January to 31 December of the previous year) are collected. During all five interviews, the same agricultural holdings (about 12,000) are interviewed which are selected by a two-stage stratified cluster random sampling procedure out of about 642,000 agricultural holdings operated in Georgia. On the first stage, clusters (settlements) are selected. On the second stage, holdings are selected within the selected clusters.
The survey completely covers the territory of Georgia, excluding the occupied territories of Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region. Each year a new sample is selected based on a rotational design (on a 3-year basis). In particular, every year approximately 4,000 holdings out of the 12,000 sampled holdings are replaced by new holdings. Sampled holdings participate in the survey for 3 years. Large agricultural holdings are sampled every year with complete coverage. The statistical unit of the survey is the agricultural holding (family holdings and agricultural enterprises) - which is defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form or size. Agricultural activities are conducted under the supervision of a holder (in case of households - a member of household, in case of agricultural enterprises - director or authorized person), who is responsible for making decisions and takes all economic risks and expenses related to agricultural activities.
More than 270 interviewers participate in the survey fieldwork. For the Data collection, computer-assisted personal interviewing method (CAPI) is used in the family holdings. In case of agricultural enterprises, the authorized persons of the enterprises (respondent) fill the electronic (online) questionnaires by themselves (CAWI). Coordination of the interviewers and the primary control of the collected data during the field is carried out by coordinators. Their working area covers several municipalities. The function of the coordinators also includes consultation for agricultural enterprises on methodological and technical issues related to the survey.
Machinery, Equipment and Asset module field work was carried out from April 18 to May 25 of 2023. 215 field staff were participated in the survey 22 of which were field supervisors. In total 6,010 agricultural holdings were selected for the MEA survey Since in the MEA survey we collect information about the condition of the farms in 2022, therefore, those farms currently in the selection and which were under observation in 2022 as well, should be selected. Such are the farms of rotation 2 and rotation 3. All extra-large farms will participate in the survey. Currently 702 extra-large farms and 7232 second and third rotations farms are participating in the survey who were interviewed in the third quarter of the 2022. All holdings of the third rotation clusters were selected. Besides that, using simple random sampling approximately 50% of the working clusters of the second rotation were selected in each stratum. All holdings from selected clusters were involved in the sampling. A total of about 6,010 farms were selected.
The survey allows the compilation of statistics on crops and animal husbandry, of which information annual and permanent crops, sown area, average yield of annual crops, farming practices and their linkages with the natural environment, crop and livestock production methods, access to and use of information services, infrastructure and communal resources and etc. Statistical tables are accessible through the following link: https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/196/agriculture.
Machinery, Equipment and Asset Module is part of main Survey of Agricultural Holdings. One round of the main survey (reference year) includes 5 inquiries: The Inception interview is carried out using the inception questionnaire during the period of January-February of the reference year. During this interview the sampled holdings are identified and situation existing at the holding as of first January is recorded. I, II and III quarter interviews are conducted by means of quarterly questionnaire at the beginning of the following month of the corresponding quarter of the reference year. Based on these surveys, the information about agricultural activities during the corresponding quarter is collected. The final interview is conducted by means of final questionnaire in January of the following year of the reference year. During this interview, the information about agricultural activities at the holding during IV quarter of the reference year and the summery information about agricultural activities at the holding during the whole reference year (from 1 January to 31 December of the previous year) are collected. During all five interviews, the same agricultural holdings (about 12,000) are interviewed which are selected by a two-stage stratified cluster random sampling procedure out of about 642,000 agricultural holdings operated in Georgia. On the first stage, clusters (settlements) are selected. On the second stage, holdings are selected within the selected clusters.
The survey completely covers the territory of Georgia, excluding the occupied territories of Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region. Each year a new sample is selected based on a rotational design (on a 3-year basis). In particular, every year approximately 4,000 holdings out of the 12,000 sampled holdings are replaced by new holdings. Sampled holdings participate in the survey for 3 years. Large agricultural holdings are sampled every year with complete coverage. The statistical unit of the survey is the agricultural holding (family holdings and agricultural enterprises) - which is defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form or size. Agricultural activities are conducted under the supervision of a holder (in case of households - a member of household, in case of agricultural enterprises - director or authorized person), who is responsible for making decisions and takes all economic risks and expenses related to agricultural activities.
More than 270 interviewers participate in the survey fieldwork. For the Data collection, computer-assisted personal interviewing method (CAPI) is used in the family holdings. In case of agricultural enterprises, the authorized persons of the enterprises (respondent) fill the electronic (online) questionnaires by themselves (CAWI). Coordination of the interviewers and the primary control of the collected data during the field is carried out by coordinators. Their working area covers several municipalities. The function of the coordinators also includes consultation for agricultural enterprises on methodological and technical issues related to the survey.
Machinery, Equipment and Asset module field work was carried out from April 18 to May 25 of 2023. 215 field staff were participated in the survey 22 of which were field supervisors. In total 6,010 agricultural holdings were selected for the MEA survey Since in the MEA survey we collect information about the condition of the farms in 2022, therefore, those farms currently in the selection and which were under observation in 2022 as well, should be selected. Such are the farms of rotation 2 and rotation 3. All extra-large farms will participate in the survey. Currently 702 extra-large farms and 7232 second and third rotations farms are participating in the survey who were interviewed in the third quarter of the 2022. All holdings of the third rotation clusters were selected. Besides that, using simple random sampling approximately 50% of the working clusters of the second rotation were selected in each stratum. All holdings from selected clusters were involved in the sampling. A total of about 6,010 farms were selected.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Agricultural holding – economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form or size in which agricultural activities are conducted under the supervision of a holder, who is responsible for making decisions and takes all economic risks and expenses related to agricultural activities.
Scope
Notes
Statistical information on sheep and goats, as well as the production of melons, and watermelons is collected separately based on the special questionnaire. The source of these statistics is the administrative units of the Municipalities of Georgia. Information on tea leaf production is obtained from the legal entities specialized in crude tea leaf processing.
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Temporary crop-a crop with complete growing cycle less than one year. Sown perennial grasses (alfalfa, trefoil, sainfoin, etc.) also belong to this category; |
| Permanent crop-a crop with complete growing cycle more than one year; |
| Sown area-area of arable land where temporary crops were sown during a reference year; |
| Harvested area-the part of the sown area which has been harvested during the reference year (the difference between the sown area and the lost area); |
| Production of annual and permanent crops-production obtained from arable land, as well as permanent crops during the reference year; |
| Average yield-crop production per hectare. Calculated as the ratio of the harvest and the harvested area; |
| Number of livestock-number of heads of livestock of all kinds and age groups as of a definite moment of time; |
| Livestock productivity-average volume of appropriate products, obtained from one dairy cow and buffalo, one laying chicken, one goat and sheep during a year; |
| Milk production-total milk obtained from dairy cows, dairy buffaloes, sheep and goats. Milk consumed by sucking calves, kids and lambs is excluded from the total milk production; |
| Meat production-the total weight of the meat obtained as a result of slaughter of both domestically raised and imported livestock; |
| Average yield of dairy cows-annual milk production divided by the average number of dairy cows during the year; |
| Average clip per sheep-annual total wool production during the reference year divided by the number of shaved sheep during the year; |
| Average litter-number of born animal during the reference year divided by the average number of female animals during the year; |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Entire country (Georgia), excluding occupied regions (Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region)
Universe
Survey sampling frame includes about 642,000 agriculture holdings (households and agricultural enterprises) operated in country. The Agricultural Census 2014 is the main source of the sample frame. Sampling frame is updated on a permanent basis in according to the results of survey of agricultural holdings, business register and different administrative sources.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| National Statistics Office of Georgia (Geostat) |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Technical Support |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| National Statistics Office of Georgia | Geostat | Funding |
| 50x2030 Initiative (www.50x2030.org) | 50x2030 | Technical and Financial Assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample design of the Machinery, Equipment and Asset module survey is based on the sample of the current Survey of Agricultural Holdings, so firstly given the design of the current Survey.
• Main Source of the sample frame since 2016 - Agricultural Census 2014;
• Sample frame contained 642 000 holding - sample size 12 000 (1.9%);
• Sample Design: two-stage stratified cluster random sampling;
- First stage - selection of cluster (Settlement);
- Second stage - Selection of holdings within the selected clusters;
• Each year a new sample is selected based on a rotational design;
- Every year 1/3 of holdings (4 000) selected a year before are replaced (Sampled holdings participate in the survey during 3 years);
• Extremely large agricultural holdings are sampled every year with complete coverage;
• Additional Sources for updating sample frame: Sample Survey of Agricultural Holdings, Statistical Business Register, Administrative data existing in MEPA (large agricultural holdings);
Sampling error of main indicators do not exceed 5% for a country level and 10% for a regional level;
The sample design of the Machinery, Equipment and Asset module survey:
• Sample Design:Two-stage cluster sampling was used for the survey.
-Sample is formed separately in each stratum. At first, clusters are selected in every stratum, and then holdings from selected clusters are selected for survey.
-Extra-large holdings will be in the sample by probability 1. That is, all clusters of extra-large holdings and all extra-large holdings from these clusters fall into sample.
-Primary sampling unit in the rest of the strata is the cluster. The same number of holdings will be interviewed in all the selected clusters of a stratum. Specifically, in small holding strata, 12 holdings will be interviewed in each selected cluster. This number is 8 for medium-sized strata and 4 for large strata.
-In each stratum the number of clusters that have to be selected is calculated by dividing the number of holdings to be selected in the stratum by the number of holdings to be interviewed in each cluster of the stratum.
-In each stratum selection of clusters is done by the PPS method (Probability Proportionally to Size).
-The selection of holdings in each selected cluster is made using a random systematic sample.
• Rotational design: Survey has a panel design. Holdings, which will get into the sample, will stay there for three years. After this, they will be substituted by holdings from the same stratum.
-The database lists 943 extra-large holdings. All of them will constantly participate in the survey. Their rotation group number will be "0". Of the remaining holdings each of them will belong to one of the three rotation groups. Holdings selected from the same cluster will fall in the same rotation group. Each rotation group will have more or less the same number of holdings. Each rotation group represents an independent random sample.
-When holdings change by rotation , holding from the sample will be substituted by the new one from the same cluster. If the cluster does not have enough holdings to make the full rotation, then the cluster is deemed exhausted and is substituted by a randomly selected cluster from the same stratum.
-Newly introduced holdings will belong to the same rotation group which its predecessor belonged to.
• Main Source of the sample frame since 2016 - Agricultural Census 2014;
• Sample frame contained 642 000 holding - sample size 12 000 (1.9%);
• Sample Design: two-stage stratified cluster random sampling;
- First stage - selection of cluster (Settlement);
- Second stage - Selection of holdings within the selected clusters;
• Each year a new sample is selected based on a rotational design;
- Every year 1/3 of holdings (4 000) selected a year before are replaced (Sampled holdings participate in the survey during 3 years);
• Extremely large agricultural holdings are sampled every year with complete coverage;
• Additional Sources for updating sample frame: Sample Survey of Agricultural Holdings, Statistical Business Register, Administrative data existing in MEPA (large agricultural holdings);
Sampling error of main indicators do not exceed 5% for a country level and 10% for a regional level;
The sample design of the Machinery, Equipment and Asset module survey:
• Sample Design:Two-stage cluster sampling was used for the survey.
-Sample is formed separately in each stratum. At first, clusters are selected in every stratum, and then holdings from selected clusters are selected for survey.
-Extra-large holdings will be in the sample by probability 1. That is, all clusters of extra-large holdings and all extra-large holdings from these clusters fall into sample.
-Primary sampling unit in the rest of the strata is the cluster. The same number of holdings will be interviewed in all the selected clusters of a stratum. Specifically, in small holding strata, 12 holdings will be interviewed in each selected cluster. This number is 8 for medium-sized strata and 4 for large strata.
-In each stratum the number of clusters that have to be selected is calculated by dividing the number of holdings to be selected in the stratum by the number of holdings to be interviewed in each cluster of the stratum.
-In each stratum selection of clusters is done by the PPS method (Probability Proportionally to Size).
-The selection of holdings in each selected cluster is made using a random systematic sample.
• Rotational design: Survey has a panel design. Holdings, which will get into the sample, will stay there for three years. After this, they will be substituted by holdings from the same stratum.
-The database lists 943 extra-large holdings. All of them will constantly participate in the survey. Their rotation group number will be "0". Of the remaining holdings each of them will belong to one of the three rotation groups. Holdings selected from the same cluster will fall in the same rotation group. Each rotation group will have more or less the same number of holdings. Each rotation group represents an independent random sample.
-When holdings change by rotation , holding from the sample will be substituted by the new one from the same cluster. If the cluster does not have enough holdings to make the full rotation, then the cluster is deemed exhausted and is substituted by a randomly selected cluster from the same stratum.
-Newly introduced holdings will belong to the same rotation group which its predecessor belonged to.
Response Rate
In the MEA survey 194 holdings were not surveyed due to the holding refusing to be interviewed or not found during the fieldwork despite its existence. This is about 3.2% of the total sampled holdings of 6010 holdings involved in the sample.
Weighting
Weighting is performed on stratum level. All the interviewed holdings of the stratum have the same weight.
- At First, initial weights of selected holdings from s-th stratum will be calculated: Ws,0=Ns/ns
Where Ns is the number of holdings, and ns - number of selected holdings in s-th stratum.
In the strata of small, medium and large holdings, all the interviewed holdings of s-th stratum will have the following weight assigned: Ws,1=(Ns-us*Ws,0)*rs
Where rs is the number of responses in s-th stratum, and us is the number of selected holdings in the stratum that do not exist.
- At First, initial weights of selected holdings from s-th stratum will be calculated: Ws,0=Ns/ns
Where Ns is the number of holdings, and ns - number of selected holdings in s-th stratum.
In the strata of small, medium and large holdings, all the interviewed holdings of s-th stratum will have the following weight assigned: Ws,1=(Ns-us*Ws,0)*rs
Where rs is the number of responses in s-th stratum, and us is the number of selected holdings in the stratum that do not exist.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2023-04-18 | 2023-05-25 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Data Collection Notes
Data are collected tablet-based computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) methods. In case of agricultural enterprises data are collected via online questionnaires CAWI- Computer Assisted Web-interviewing).
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Detailed information on structure, and sections of questionnaires used in the survey of agricultural holdings are available in following link: https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/686/agriculture-holdings-surveys
Data Processing
Data Editing
After the field work, cleaning and harmonization of all inquiries are established at the Geostat head office - logical and arithmetical inconsistencies, as well as non-typical and suspicious data are detected, checked and corrected. Verification of the data is performed by contacting the respondents by phone. If verification with respondent is impossible, different imputation methods are used. Finally, indicators are calculated using weighted data. The obtained results are compared with corresponding results of the previous periods. In case of significant differences, the possible causes are identified and analyzed.
Other Processing
Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC): Microdata are disseminated as Public Use Files under the terms indicated in Geostat Rule on Access to Confidential Data for Scientific and Research Purposes (available at: https://www.geostat.ge/media/61533/Rule-on-Access-to-Confidential-Datafor-Scientific-and-Research-Purposes....pdf).
This rule indicates that the users must comply with the following conditions:
Not to attempt to identify a natural/legal person in any way (including by comparing this data with other individual data).
Not to disclose individual data to a third party (person) other than the parties to the agreement, and/or not to use this data for a purpose other than the purpose specified in the relevant request.
Not to disclose aggregated data obtained from individual data that can be used to identify a statistical unit indirectly.
To destroy individual data upon completion of the scientific and research project.
In addition, anonymization methods have been applied to the microdata files to protect the confidentiality of the individual data collected. These methods include: i) removal of information that may directly identify a respondent (name, address, phone number, etc.), ii) grouping values of some variables into categories (e.g. age), iii) limiting geographical information to the region level, iv) suppression of some data points for variables that, in combination with others, may pose a relevant risk of identification of a statistical unit, v) grouping agricultural holdings with extreme values into aggregates, etc. In the latter case, agricultural holdings with extreme values in certain numerical variables were merged together into aggregated records. Their code starts with “aggreg_”, followed by random numbers of six digits. Non aggregated records have a code starting with “single_” and represent single holdings.
Users must therefore be aware that the data protection with SDC methods involves modifying the data, including suppression of some data points. It may therefore have unwanted consequences, such as sampling error and bias. It should be noted that the impact of anonymization on these data was generally stronger on the smaller subpopulations, and for this reason data by region were more distorted than national totals, and data from enterprises were much more impacted than data from family holdings (given that the number of holdings in the enterprises category is much lower).
This rule indicates that the users must comply with the following conditions:
Not to attempt to identify a natural/legal person in any way (including by comparing this data with other individual data).
Not to disclose individual data to a third party (person) other than the parties to the agreement, and/or not to use this data for a purpose other than the purpose specified in the relevant request.
Not to disclose aggregated data obtained from individual data that can be used to identify a statistical unit indirectly.
To destroy individual data upon completion of the scientific and research project.
In addition, anonymization methods have been applied to the microdata files to protect the confidentiality of the individual data collected. These methods include: i) removal of information that may directly identify a respondent (name, address, phone number, etc.), ii) grouping values of some variables into categories (e.g. age), iii) limiting geographical information to the region level, iv) suppression of some data points for variables that, in combination with others, may pose a relevant risk of identification of a statistical unit, v) grouping agricultural holdings with extreme values into aggregates, etc. In the latter case, agricultural holdings with extreme values in certain numerical variables were merged together into aggregated records. Their code starts with “aggreg_”, followed by random numbers of six digits. Non aggregated records have a code starting with “single_” and represent single holdings.
Users must therefore be aware that the data protection with SDC methods involves modifying the data, including suppression of some data points. It may therefore have unwanted consequences, such as sampling error and bias. It should be noted that the impact of anonymization on these data was generally stronger on the smaller subpopulations, and for this reason data by region were more distorted than national totals, and data from enterprises were much more impacted than data from family holdings (given that the number of holdings in the enterprises category is much lower).
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Giorgi Sanadze | Head of Agriculture and Environment Statistics Department at Geostat | [email protected] |
Confidentiality
1. The Law of Georgia on Official Statistics:
---o According to the article 5 of the law individual data collected or received by the producer of official statistics, relating to natural or legal persons, must be strictly confidential and used only for statistical purposes.
---o According to the article 34 (Observing Confidentiality of Statistical Data) of the law.
------1. Data collected, processed, and stored to produce official statistics are confidential if they enable the direct or indirect identification of a statistical unit. In addition, aggregated data are subject to statistical confidentiality:
--------a) Aggregates composed of 1 to 3 units, when the unit is a natural or legal person if one of these units could be identified indirectly, thereby disclosing individual data about this unit. Aggregates composed of more than 3 units may be declared confidential by the Executive Director if required to ensure statistical confidentiality
--------b) Information declares as a state secret on the basis of the "Law of Georgia on State Secrets".
------2. Statistical data about the administrative body cannot be considered confidential information, except for the information determined by the Law of Georgia "On State Secrets".
------3. For official statistics, it is obligatory to destroy or store separately the identity data including the questionnaires containing such data and used for statistical surveys according to the rules defined in the Georgian legislation.
------4. Individual data obtained from publicly available sources, which are defined as public information in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, shall not be considered confidential information.
------5. Confidential (individual) data may be published if there is written consent from the statistical unit regarding the publication of such data.
------6. It is not allowed to disseminate and distribute confidential data or use it for non-statistical purposes.
---o According to the article 38 (Confidentiality commitments) of the law the confidential statistical data collected and processed for the purpose of statistical survey shall not be used or disseminated by the employees of the producers of Official Statistics.
https://www.geostat.ge/media/56202/The-Law-of-Georgia-on-Official-Statistics.pdf
2. Data Confidentiality Policy at Geostat
3. Rule on Access to Confidential Data for Scientific and Research Purposes
https://geostat.ge/media/61533/Rule-on-Access-to-Confidential-Data-for-Scientific-and-Research-Purposes....pdf
https://geostat.ge/media/61535/Annex-1_Registration-application_Geostat_En.docx
4. The Law of Georgia on Personal Data Protection https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1561437?publication=9
Access conditions
Data Confidentiality Policy at Geostat
https://www.geostat.ge/media/20860/Data-Confidentiality-Policy-at-Geostat_En.pdf
Rule on Access to Confidential Data for Scientific and Research Purposes
https://geostat.ge/media/61533/Rule-on-Access-to-Confidential-Data-for-Scientific-and-Research-Purposes....pdf
https://geostat.ge/media/61535/Annex-1_Registration-application_Geostat_En.docx
https://www.geostat.ge/media/20860/Data-Confidentiality-Policy-at-Geostat_En.pdf
Rule on Access to Confidential Data for Scientific and Research Purposes
https://geostat.ge/media/61533/Rule-on-Access-to-Confidential-Data-for-Scientific-and-Research-Purposes....pdf
https://geostat.ge/media/61535/Annex-1_Registration-application_Geostat_En.docx
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_GEO_2022_SAH-MEA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Statistics of Georgia | GEOSTAT | Metadata producer | |
| Dissemination and Outreach Team, Statistics Division | Metadata adapted for FAM | Food and Agriculture Orgnaization |
DDI Document version
GEO_2022_SAH-MEA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS_v01