Agricultural Census 2020
Hungary, 2020
Get MicrodataIdentification
HUN_2020_AC_v01_M_v01_A_ESS
Agricultural Census 2020
Agrárcenzus 2020
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Hungary | HUN |
Agricultural Census [ag/census]
The first agricultural census was conducted in Hungary in 1895, followed by the second one in 1935. Starting from 1972, censuses were conducted regularly, in line with the ten-year rounds of the WCA, in 1972, 1981, 1991, 2000 and 2010. The Agricultural Census (AC, Agrárcenzus) 2020 was the eighth Census of Agriculture in Hungary.
The agricultural census is a census of all agricultural holdings that takes place every ten years. It is part of an EU-wide programme of agricultural censuses carried out in 2020 under EU Regulation 2018/1091 on integrated farm statistics and conducted under the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (https://www.fao.org/world-census-agriculture/en/). The aim of the census is to monitor the changes in the structure of agriculture and to provide accurate and reliable data for domestic economic management, the EU, and farmers. Accurate data on the structure of agriculture is also a key element in the planning of support policies and assessment of their impact.
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Agricultural holdings
Scope
The census scope covered agricultural (crop and livestock) activities.
The questionnaire collected information on:
- General information
- Identification data
- Data provider information
- Ownership of the holding
- Land use (including crops)
- Livestock and poultry
- Animal housing
- Fertilizer and manure management
- Other gainful activities
- Agricultural labor
- Agricultural digitalization
Coverage
The Agricultural Census 2020 covered the entire country.
The statistical unit was the agricultural holding, defined as a single unit, both technically and economically, that has a single management and that undertakes economic activities in agriculture in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 belonging to groups A.01.1, A.01.2, A.01.3, A.01.4, A.01.5 or to the "maintenance of agricultural land in good agricultural and environmental condition" of group A.01.6 within the economic territory of the Union, either as its primary or secondary activity, as it is stated in the Regulation (EU) No. 2018/1091 of the European Parliament and of the Council on integrated agricultural statistics. Two main types of agricultural holding were distinguished: "private holdings" and "agricultural enterprises". The former were households engaged in agricultural activities which met the cut-off thresholds, at the reference date of the survey; the latter were legal entities engaged in any kind of agricultural activities or classified as agricultural producer by the "Statistical classification of economic activities (NACE)" in the European Community, regardless of its size.
In the Agricultural Census 2020, physical thresholds were applied for private holdings. The holding was considered if it provided agricultural services or if it has at least:
- 1 ha of productive land area including, jointly or severally, arable land, kitchen garden, orchard, vineyards, lawn (meadow + pasture), forest, fishpond, and reeds
- 0.25 ha of potatoes, vegetables, or strawberries
- 0.2 ha of seeds and seedlings, nurseries, essential oil plants, medicinal and spice plants, flowers, and ornamental plants
- 0.25 ha of outdoors area under fruit trees, berries, citrus trees, other permanent crops, excluding nurseries, vineyards and olive trees
- 0.1 ha area under vines
- 100 m2 of land area under protective cover, or of mushroom area
- 1 head of cattle
- 10 head of sheep or goats
- 30 head of pigs under 20 kg
- 2 head of pigs with 20 kg or more
- 50 head of hens or geese
- 30 head of turkeys
- 100 head of ducks
- 3 head of ostriches
- 50 head of rabbits
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| Central Statistical Office (KSH, Központi Statisztikai Hivatal) of Hungary |
Sampling
The Agricultural Census 2020 used a combination of complete and sample enumeration. Data for the core module covered identification of the agricultural holding, land use and type of tenure, characteristics of crop production, and livestock existence, and was collected using complete enumeration. Data for the two supplementary thematic modules covered labor force and other gainful activities, and livestock buildings and manure management, which were collected using sample enumeration. Rural development and organic farming data were sourced from administrative registers using complete enumeration.
The New Farm Register was used as a frame for the Agricultural Census 2020. The register was built with the following sources:
- List of members of the Hungarian Chamber of Agriculture
- Single Area Payment Scheme and other income support scheme maintained by the Hungarian State Treasury
- Animal registers and list of licensed traditional small-scale producers maintained by the National Food Chain Safety Office
In the AC 2020, the agricultural enterprises and the key private holdings (4354 farms with significant agricultural activity regarding key-private holdings thresholds) were enumerated using complete enumeration. For private holdings which were not key holdings, a sample of 25 percent was used to collect data for the supplementary thematic modules. Stratified random sampling was used with geographical stratification.
Specifically, private holdings are categorized as key holdings if they have at least:
- 250 ha of arable land
- 150 ha of meadow and pasture, excluding extensive pasture
- 15 ha of outdoors area under fruit trees, berries, nuts, and citrus trees, excluding the area of vineyards and strawberries
- 15 ha area under vines
- 100 head of cattle
- 300 head of pigs
- 500 head of sheep
- 50 head of goats
- 15 000 head of broilers
- 2500 head of turkeys
- 2500 head of ducks
- 2500 head of goose
- 50 head of ostriches
- 500 head of rabbits
Survey instrument
The census questionnaire covered 16 out of 23 core items recommended in the WCA 2020.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-06-05 | 2020-06-30 | Data collection through CAWI and CATI |
| 2020-09-19 | 2020-11-22 | Data collection through CAPI |
Reference day: 1 June 2020 for land use and stock/inventory items
Reference period: from 1 June 2019 to 31 May 2020 for livestock buildings, nutrient use, and fertilization on the farm, other economic activities and agricultural workforce
- Computer Assisted Web Interview [cawi]
- Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]
- Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Data were collected entirely using CAWI, CATI and CAPI. From 5 to 30 June 2020, agricultural enterprises and private holdings provided data by CAWI and CATI. For private holdings that did not complete the questionnaire in the first phase, an enumerator visited the holding between 19 September to 22 November and collected data using CAPI. The use of CAWI was expanded during the Covid-19 pandemic, while CATI was used to a lesser extent.
The fieldwork for the Agricultural Census 2020 involved 12 project coordinators, 20 IT staff, five communication staff, 30 staff regarding dissemination, budget and finance, coordination and legal affairs, 4059 enumerators, 225 supervisors, and 12 field coordinators who organized and assisted the work of supervisors and examined the quality of the work performed.
Administrative registers were also used for data collection. The Agricultural Census 2020 was composed of a core module and three thematic modules on labor force and other gainful activities, rural development, and animal housing and manure management. Some census data for the core module and all census data related to the thematic module rural development were collected directly from administrative registers.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Central Statistical Office of Hungary has a quality management system, and it carried out different procedures to ensure and assess quality: training courses, quality guidelines, and compliance monitoring. In the Agricultural Census 2020, the quality was ensured by means of different analyses:
- outlier detection
- comparison of census data to administrative sources, at farm and aggregated level
- aggregation of data at different levels to detect inconsistencies
- duplicate detection of members of family farms reporting same administrative identification numbers or same data on the same address, or private farms reporting administrative identification number of an agricultural enterprise
Several actions were carried out to minimize non-sampling errors in the Agricultural Census 2020. Specifically, to minimize measurement errors the following were carried out: pre-testing questionnaire, explanatory notes or handbooks for enumerators or respondents, on-line FAQ or hot-line support for enumerators or respondents, and training of enumerators to minimize measurement errors. Whereas, to minimize unit non-response the following were carried out: follow-up interviews, reminders, and imputation.
Data processing
Controls during the data editing process were carried out by local and central staff from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH, Központi Statisztikai Hivatal) of Hungary. Handling of missing data was based on the nearest neighbour imputation.
DATA PROCESSING NOTES
In the Agricultural Census 2020 the data capture methods CAPI, CATI and CAWI allow some preliminary data processing. Data-entry applications were developed by the IT Department under the framework of uniform Data Entry and Validation System run by the HCSO. Validation rules were incorporated, such as logical and arithmetical coherency within and between tables, for both CAPI, CATI and CAWI data collections. Four categories of error levels were handled during the data entry phase as follows:
- less serious errors, only for information
- errors that can be accepted, but justification is needed
- serious errors, only authorized survey administrators can accept them
- unacceptable errors, must be corrected immediately
Data-entry continued when errors were corrected. Data on the number of corrections were not collected during data processing.
Data Access
The data request procedure and the data request form are available at "How to apply for microdata access?" at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/farm-statistics.
Contacts
| Name | URL |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Office (KSH, Központi Statisztikai Hivatal) of Hungary | https://www.ksh.hu/ |
Metadata production
DDI_HUN_2020_AC_v01_M_v01_A_ESS_FAO
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hivatal) of Hungary | KSH | Metadata producer | |
| Statistics Division | ESS | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Metadata adapted for FAM |