Agricultural Census 2022
Mexico, 2022
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MEX_2022_CA_v01_M_v01_A_ESS
Agricultural Census 2022
Censo Agropecuario 2022
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Mexico | MEX |
Agricultural Census [ag/census]
The first agricultural census in Mexico was carried out in 1930, followed by those carried out in 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991, 2007 and the latest in 2022.
The Agricultural Census (CA, Censo Agropecuario) is the most comprehensive and detailed source of economic information on the structure of agriculture and forestry in Mexico. The data collected through the Agricultural Census 2022 is essential for decision-making, analysis, and research.
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Agricultural holdings
Scope
The census scope covered agricultural activities (crops and livestock) and forestry.
The questionnaire collected information on:
- General characteristics of the production unit
- Land use
- Irrigation systems
- Agriculture
- Animal breeding and farming
- Labor and wages
- Tractors, machinery, and vehicles
- Credit and insurance
- Issues (losses of crops or animals)
- Environmental protection
- Forest utilization
- Income and expenses of the production unit
- Socio-demographic characteristics of the producer
Coverage
The Agricultural Census 2022 covered the entire country.
The statistical unit was the production unit, and it was defined as the economic unit made up of one or more plots of land located in the same municipality, where at least some of them carry out agricultural or forestry activities, under the administration of the same holder with the same production elements, such as equipment, machinery, vehicles, and labor, available for these activities. The Agricultural Census 2022 considered two types of units, agricultural production units and forestry production units. Agricultural production units that raised livestock but did not have their own land were also covered by the census. Households with livestock activities were covered by the census but were not considered as a production unit. Households with agricultural activities in the backyard only for self-consumption or recreational purposes were not covered by the census.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico (INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) |
Sampling
In the Agricultural Census 2022 the updated Master Frame for Agricultural Sector Statistics was used to identify and collect data from agricultural and forestry production units. The frame is made up of all rural land plots in the country, including those with and without agricultural and/or forestry activities. The master frame comes from the Update of the Agricultural Census Frame - an exhaustive fieldwork carried out in 2016 in which the National Institute of Statistics and Geography obtained the complete mosaic, the general data, and the basic characteristics of all rural lands in the country. This frame was then updated with data from the National Agricultural Surveys 2017 and 2019, administrative registers, satellite images to verify crop areas, and the identification of parcels in communal land in all ejidos (area of communal land used for agriculture) larger than two hectares.
Information from Agricultural Census 2022 will be used to update the master frame, and this will be the basis for the development of future statistical projects related to the agricultural sector. The geographical structure of the master frame was based on the National Geostatistical Frame updated in November 2021, made up of 2451 municipalities. From the master frame were prepared the Directory of holders by municipality, the List of land plots, and the Directory of holders without code, which were updated with the assistance of ejidal presidents, representatives of settlers, and institutions and organizations related to the sector.
The Agricultural Census 2022 was conducted using complete enumeration.
Survey instrument
Three questionnaires were used for data collection:
- a basic questionnaire for small and medium-sized agricultural production units
- an expanded questionnaire for large agricultural production units
- a questionnaire for forestry production units
The census questionnaires covered 19 out of 23 core items recommended in the WCA 2020.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-30 |
Reference day:
- The day of the interview, for demographic characteristics
- 15 September 2022, for livestock, machinery, and equipment
Reference periods:
- from 1 October 2021 to 30 September 2022, for temporary and permanent crops, forestry, land variables, technologies, agricultural practices, irrigation, labor force, credit, insurance, government support and other services, etc.
- the last five years, for deforestation and forest planting
- Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
- Pen-and-Paper Personal Interview [papi]
- Computer Assisted Web Interview [cawi]
In the Agricultural Census 2022 data was collected using CAPI, PAPI and CAWI methods. The PAPI method was used in high-risk areas, and questionnaires conducted via this method were subsequently captured using the mobile computing device also used in the CAPI method. The CAWI method was available to collect data from large production units, but only 0.14 percent of these units responded through this method.
There were 26 086 staff involved in census activities: 15 948 enumerators, 866 coordinators, 3339 managers, 737 instructors, 528 auxiliaries, 441 information analysts, 236 cartographers, 182 IT staff, 120 broadcasting staff, and 2806 verifiers.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
From 4 October to 16 November 2021, the National Institute of Statistics and Geography carried out the Public Consultation on the census methodology, to collect proposals, opinions, suggestions and comments on the conceptual and operational generation and dissemination of results. From 28 March to 8 April 2022, a pilot census was carried out to test questionnaires, inputs, procedures and systems for the field operation. From 16 to 18 May 2022, a test of the basic questionnaire, adjusted after the pilot census, was carried out for small and medium-sized production units.
The daily monitoring and control of the Census was carried out through the platform called IKTAN-web with progress reports on: households visited, holders, agricultural production units, land covered and questionnaires collected, as well as the identification of the different situations detected in the field. The Graphic Coverage Control System allowed graphic monitoring of the operational situation of land plots. Meetings were held, at least once a week, to support and provide feedback to the staff in solving the difficulties presented, reviewing the progress and the quality of the information captured. Supervision, advice and support activities were carried out on a permanent basis through central, regional and state staff.
Data processing
Various stages of data analysis and validation were carried out, namely: online validation, monitoring, coding, normalization, validation within each questionnaire, validation between questionnaires, imputation, and analysis of preliminary tabulations. Staff from headquarters and from state offices operated systems developed by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography for data editing. Information analysts at the national and state levels addressed possible inconsistencies reported by systems and processes. Hot Deck imputation was used for missing data in selected variables.
For complete non-response in large agricultural production units, imputation was carried out using data from National Agricultural Surveys 2017 and 2019. Validation processes were carried out, both at the unit and aggregate level, to guarantee the consistency of the data. The census database was developed using an Oracle database. SAS and R software were used for data editing.
DATA PROCESSING NOTES
Direct data capture was ensured by the CAPI and CAWI method using systems developed by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography through Delphi. For the PAPI method, the mobile computing device used in the CAPI method was used to capture data. During data processing, satellite images were used to complement the data analysis and validation.
Data Access
The data request procedure and the data request form are available at https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ca/2022/#microdatos.
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico (INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) | [email protected] | https://www.inegi.org.mx/ |
Metadata production
DDI_MEX_2022_CA_v01_M_v01_A_ESS_FAO
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) | INEGI | Metadata producer | |
| Statistics Division | ESS | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Metadata adapted for FAM |