Agricultural Survey 2023-2024
Mali, 2023 - 2024
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MLI_2023_2024_EAC_v01_M_v01_A_ESS
Agricultural Survey 2023-2024
Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture, EAC 2023-2024
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Mali | MLI |
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
The EAC, conducted by the Planning and Statistics Unit of the Rural Development Sector (CPS/SDR), is the main tool for producing agricultural statistics thanks to its national coverage, its annual frequency and its ability to produce detailed data for various agricultural sub-sectors. The quality of this survey largely determines the quality of the national agricultural statistics produced. Given its importance, it receives special treatment.
Conducted in Mali since the 1960s, the EAC has evolved both in terms of methodology and the areas it covers, now including agriculture, livestock farming, fisheries, forestry and food security.
The Agricultural Survey (EAC) was established in the 1980s to provide detailed and up-to-date information on agricultural production and the characteristics of family farms. It is a key tool for monitoring and analyzing economic trends in the rural sector. This mechanism is based on a harmonized methodology adopted by the 17 member countries of the Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS). The EAC has thus established itself as a rigorous scientific tool for measuring agricultural production in the Sahel region.
At the institutional level, the survey is being carried out by the Planning and Statistics Unit of the Rural Development Sector (CPS/SDR), in close collaboration with the National Directorate of Agriculture (DNA), the National Directorate of Livestock Production and Industries (DNPIA), the National Directorate of Fisheries, and their decentralized regional offices. The National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) provided technical support at every stage of the process. In 2023, the EAC received funding from the World Bank through the PHASAOC project.
In 2023, the Agricultural Survey covered all regions except the Bamako District, where agricultural activity is limited, and the Kidal region, due to the unavailability of data for security reasons. The survey was carried out by all the organizations usually involved in the EAC.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Family farms, household farm members, plots of land, crops, agricultural products in storage, livestock and poultry
Version
v2.1: Edited and anonymised dataset for public release
Planning and Statistics Unit of the Rural Development Sector (CPS/SDR, Cellule de Planification et de Statistique du Secteur Développement Rural)
This version of the microdata is the anonymised version. The raw data from the 2023–2024 EAC survey is cleaned and then anonymised for release to the general public.
Scope
The questionnaires collected the following information:
- Identification and structure: geographic identifiers, household/holding composition, and demographic characteristics
- Agricultural assets and infrastructure: granaries, equipment, and agricultural materials
- Land and crop production: fields, plots, crop types, cultivated areas, and production practices
- Input use and farming practices: fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural techniques
- Labor and workforce: family and non-family labor
- Livestock and poultry: herd size, transhumance, mortality, and livestock products
- Fisheries activities
- Post-harvest and yield measurement: parcel selection, crop cutting, and yield estimation methods
- Economic aspects: credit access, institutional relations, production, and commercialization
- Food security
- Environmental practices and crop protection methods
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural output | CESSDA | https://thesauri.cessda.eu/elsst-5/en/page/eb288f35-87cb-45ca-944b-b5f02a2f5697?clang=fr |
| Agricultural production | CESSDA | https://thesauri.cessda.eu/elsst-5/en/page/6c1db5f0-1f74-4e9b-bf43-6278be140ad7?clang=fr |
| Agricultural yields | CESSDA | https://thesauri.cessda.eu/elsst-5/en/page/9778794c-93a4-4c72-a8f0-30894354c107?clang=fr |
| Factors of production | CESSDA | https://thesauri.cessda.eu/elsst-5/en/page/85c2f85e-51c4-4cb3-b1b8-1146c3840d53?clang=fr |
| Livestock | CESSDA | https://thesauri.cessda.eu/elsst-5/en/page/794a5e8e-5d59-4662-86e4-622d30479b60?clang=fr |
| Source of information | CESSDA | https://thesauri.cessda.eu/elsst-5/en/page/2c8aacb1-6585-4111-be00-9578071d2a82?clang=fr |
| Waste management | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Rural area | CESSDA | https://thesauri.cessda.eu/elsst-5/en/page/157746ed-ac04-4d72-b121-30074143d379?clang=fr |
| Environmental protection | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Slaughtering | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Family farming | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Agricultural holding | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Agricultural development | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Animal health | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Land tenure | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Food security | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
| Plant protection | FAO | https://www.fao.org/faolex/glossary/en/ |
Coverage
The Agricultural Survey (EAC) covered all regions except Kidal, due to the security situation.
The universe of the 2023 Agricultural Survey (EAC) covers all family farms located within Mali, with the exception of the Kidal region due to security concerns. It includes all agricultural production units, whether involved in crop farming, livestock farming or aquaculture.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Planning and Statistics Unit of the Rural Development Sector (CPS/SDR, Cellule de Planification et de Statistique du Secteur Développement Rural) | Ministry of Rural Development |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| National Directorate of Agriculture (Direction Nationale de l'Agriculture) | Ministry of Agriculture | Technical assistance in drawing up the questionnaire |
| National Directorate of Animal Production and Industry (Direction Nationale de la Production et d'Industrie Animales) | Ministry of Livestock | Technical assistance in drawing up the questionnaire |
| National Directorate of Veterinary Services (Direction Nationale des Services Vétérinaires) | Ministry of Livestock | Technical assistance in drawing up the questionnaire |
| National Directorate of Fisheries (Direction Nationale de la Pêche) | Ministry of Livestock | Technical assistance in drawing up the questionnaire |
| National Institute of Statistics (Institut National de la Statistique) | Ministry of Economy | Technical assistance in drawing up the questionnaire |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Government of Mali | |
| The World Bank | WB |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | United Nations | Technical assistance |
| 50x2030 Initiative | Assistance technique |
Sampling
Data are collected using Enumeration Areas (EAs) defined during the 2009 Population and Housing Census, which serve as the sampling frame for the survey.
The Agricultural Survey (EAC) adopts a two-stage stratified sampling design, with regions serving as strata.
-
First stage:
A total of 740 Enumeration Areas (EAs) are selected. The number of EAs allocated to each region is proportional to the number of agricultural households in each region. -
Second stage:
Within each selected EA, a simple random sample of approximately ten agricultural holdings was drawn.
The final sample consisted of more than 8000 agricultural holdings, representing a substantial increase compared to the 2500 holdings surveyed in previous rounds. This expanded sample size improves the overall representativeness and reliability of the survey estimates.
The 2023 survey campaign experienced delays due to funding mobilization challenges, which were linked to the country’s ongoing security and economic crises. As a result, the survey started in October 2023 for the first round, not in July as normal. , The second round took place between 14 December 2023 and 31 March 2024. These delays negatively affected the planned timeline for data collection and subsequent production of results.
Additionally, persistent insecurity in certain areas prevented full coverage of the sample and disrupted agricultural operations in some production zones, potentially impacting the completeness and accuracy of certain variables.
The sample coverage rate at the first stage was 79.4 percent, and 58.3 percent at the second survey round.
Out of the 740 selected Enumeration Areas (EAs), 639 EAs were successfully surveyed, corresponding to a coverage rate of 86 percent at the primary sampling unit level.
The coverage rate for secondary units (agricultural holdings) is 79.4 percent.
Data from the first survey round (Passage 1) uses the weighting variable: "poids_final_exploitation_P1_rev".
Data from the second survey round (Passage 2) uses the weighting variable: "poids_final_exploitation_P2_rev".
Survey instrument
The 2023–2024 agricultural survey covers the structural characteristics and main activities of agricultural holdings. Questionnaires are organized across two survey rounds (Passage 1 and Passage 2) to ensure comprehensive coverage of agricultural aspects.
Main questionnaires used:
Q1A – Agricultural Holding Enumeration Form
Q1B – Household/holding Sampling Form
QEAP1 – Agricultural Holding Questionnaire, Passage 1
QEAP2 – Agricultural Holding Questionnaire, Passage 2
Q5RDT – Yield Measurement Questionnaire
QMPEP2 – Environmental and Crop Protection Methods Questionnaire
Details of questionnaire sections:
Enumeration and Sampling:
EAC-2023/2024:Q1A – Enumeration of agricultural holdings
EAC-2023/2024:Q1B – Sample selection of agricultural holdings
Listing of members (FLAP):
EAC-2023/2024:Flap Passage 1 – List of members of agricultural holdings, Passage 1
EAC-2023/2024:Flap Passage 2 – List of members of agricultural holdings, Passage 2
QEAP1 – Agricultural Holding Questionnaire, Passage 1 Sections:
Section 0 – Geographic identifiers and general information
Section 1A – List of household members
Section 1B – Demographic characteristics
Section 2 – Granaries on the holding
Section 2A – Current stock held by the household
Section 2B – Stock held one year ago
Section 3A – Fields on the holding
Section 3B – Plots on the holding
Section 4A – Crop types
Section 4B – Estimated crop areas
Section 6 – Use of inputs (fertilizers and pesticides)
Section 6A – Farming practices
Yield and Measurement Modules:
EAC-2023/2024:Q5T – Plot selection for yield measurement
EAC-2023/2024:Q5P – Placement of yield plots
QEAP2 – Agricultural Holding Questionnaire, Passage 2 Sections:
Section 0 – Geographic identifiers and general information
Section 1A – List of household members
Section 1B – Socio-demographic characteristics
Section 3A – Fields on the holding
Section 3B – Plots on the holding
Section 4 – Crop types
Section 5 – Family and non-family labor
Section 6 – Use of inputs (fertilizers and pesticides)
Section 7 – Relationship with institutions
Section 8 – Agricultural credit
Section 9 – Production and commercialization
Section 10A – Livestock numbers, transhumance, treatment, mortality
Section 10B – Poultry numbers
Section 10C – Individual slaughtering
Section 10D – Collective slaughtering
Section 10E – Production and use of livestock products
Section 11 – Fisheries
Section 12 – Food security
Section 13 – Agricultural equipment and materials
Q5RDT – Yield Measurement Questionnaire, Passage 2 Sections:
Section 1 – Placement of yield plots
Section 2 – Harvesting of yield plots
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2023-06-15 | 2023-08-02 | First round |
| 2023-12-14 | 2024-03-31 | Second round |
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 2022-06-15 | 2023-11-26 |
- Face-to-face paper [f2f] and computer-assisted interviews [capi]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Direction Régional de l'Agriculture | Ministère de l'Agriculture | DRA |
During the survey, field staff employed two main methods to collect the required information:
-
Direct interview: Enumerators asked targeted questions to agricultural holdings. Responses were recorded immediately, and plausibility and consistency checks were applied as the primary means of quality control.
-
Objective measurement: This method recorded geographic coordinates and measuring plot areas using GPS. It also weighed crop products from yield plots using scales. These techniques were used to provide accurate and verifiable data on plot sizes and production quantities.
Data processing
Data from the EAC were cleaned and validated to ensure the quality, consistency, and reliability of the collected information prior to analysis. This process involved:
- Identifying and correcting errors, duplicates, missing or implausible values, and logical inconsistencies between variables (e.g., when the number of agricultural workers reported exceeded the total number of household members).
- Coding and standardizing open-ended responses, particularly for crop types and production categories, to allow for uniform statistical analysis.
- Performing internal checks to verify totals and consistency across variables.
- Conducting external checks by comparing survey data to historical records and secondary sources to detect potential anomalies.
Anomalies were identified using programs developed in SPSS, facilitating systematic detection and correction of data issues.
Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC)
During anonymization, direct identifiers such as GPS coordinates, names, phone numbers, and other personal identifiers were removed from the microdata. Certain variables originally recorded in local units were converted and released in standard units (e.g., kilograms).
Statistical disclosure control algorithms (e.g., local suppression) were applied to minimize the risk of identifying legal entities, including households and individuals, in the EAC 2022/2023 microdata.
These measures ensure that the dataset is safe for public use while preserving the utility of the survey data for analysis.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| CPS/SDR | Ministry of Rural Development |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | The EAC microdata are confidential. They undergo anonymization to protect the identity of respondents. |
1.Compliance with national law: Users must adhere to Article 22, Chapter 2, Chapter VI of Malian Law N° 2016.005 on Public Statistics, which requires that anyone handling individual-level data collected by entities within the national statistical system must ensure the anonymity of persons and legal entities and use the data only for producing or publishing aggregated statistical results.
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Responsibility for analysis: Users are fully responsible for any conclusions or studies derived from these data. The CPS/SDR cannot be held liable for any use or interpretation of the data.
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Data confidentiality: Data must not be copied or transmitted to other individuals or organizations, directly or indirectly, without prior written authorization from CPS/SDR.
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Citation requirement: Any publication based on CPS/SDR data must include the following source acknowledgment:
"Source: [Full survey name] ([Acronym]), Year [N], Planning and Statistics Unit of the Rural Development Sector (CPS/SDR), Republic of Mali"
Example: "Source: Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture (EAC), 2023, CPS/SDR, Republic of Mali" -
Submission of reports: Copies of any reports produced using the data must be submitted to CPS/SDR for information and comments.
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Enforcement: CPS/SDR reserves the right to take any action it deems necessary in case of violation of any of these commitments to restore its rights.
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Technical support: Users may seek the assistance of CPS/SDR in conducting their study if needed.
Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture (EAC), 2023-2024, Cellule de Planification et de Statistique du Secteur Développement Rural (CPS/SDR) de la République du Mali
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user is fully responsible for any conclusions or studies derived from these data, and in this regard, CPS/SDR cannot be held liable under any circumstances.
© Cellule de Planification et de Statistique du Secteur Développement Rural (CPS/SDR). Tous droits réservés.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| MRS. Traore Assitan | CPS SDR | [email protected] |
Metadata production
DDI_MLI_2023_2024_EAC_v01_M_v01_A_ESS_FAO
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Planning and Statistics Unit of the Rural Development Sector (Cellule de Planification et de Statistique du Secteur Développement Rural) | CPS/SDR | Ministry of Agriculture | Metadata producer |
| National Institute of Statistics (Institut National de la Statistique) | INSTAT | Ministry of Economy | Metadata producer |
| Statistics Division | ESS | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Metadata adapted for FAM |