Agricultural Census 2024
Montenegro, 2024
Identification
MNE_2024_PP_v01_M_v01_A_ESS
Agricultural Census 2024
Popis poljoprivrede 2024
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Montenegro | MNE |
Agricultural Census [ag/census]
The Agricultural Census 2024 was the second census to be conducted in Montenegro, while the first was conducted in 2010.
The Agricultural Census 2024 collected detailed information on the structure of agriculture covering among other information: number of holdings, people participating in agricultural production, utilised agricultural land, livestock, irrigated area, etc.
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Agricultural holdings
Scope
The census scope covered agricultural activities (crops and livestock).
The First Part Questionnaire (PO - PP1) collected information on:
- Holding identification data
- Holding status
- Unsuccessful enumeration attempts
- Date and time of enumeration
- General information on the holding
- Threshold criteria
- Livestock and poultry numbers
- Does the holding carry out agricultural production jointly with another agricultural holding?
- Areas of utilized agricultural land
The Main Questionnaire (PO - PP2) collected information on:
- Basic information
- People involved in agricultural production (labour force) and other gainful activities on the holding
- Purpose of agricultural production on the holding
- Organic production
- Land data
- Irrigation
- Land management practices
- Livestock
- Livestock housing facilities
- Fertilizer application
- Machinery and equipment
- Logging and production of forest products
- Climate change
Coverage
The Agricultural Census 2024 covered the entire country.
The statistical unit was the agricultural holding, defined as a unique technical and economic unit with single administration, which performs agricultural activity and which can be:
- Holdings in the household sector: named family agricultural farms by the country
- Holdings in the non-household sector: business entities or legal entities or entrepreneurs, production organizations, educational or scientific research institutions that also engage in agricultural activities
The following cut-off thresholds were applied in the census:
- 0.5 ha of used agricultural land
- 0.3 ha of arable land
- 0.1 ha of aromatic, medicinal and culinary plants, flowers and ornamental plants, seeds and seedlings
- 0.1 ha of fruits, berries, nuts, vineyards, olive trees, nurseries and other permanent plants
- 0.01 ha of greenhouse
- 0.01 ha of mushrooms
- 10 beehives
- 1 livestock unit (LSU)
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| Statistical Office of Montenegro (MONSTAT, Uprava za statistiku Crne Gore) |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management (Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede) | Government of Montenegro | Support during preparation and implementation |
| Biotechnical Faculty | University of Montenegro | Support during preparation and implementation |
| Ministry of Spatial Planning, Urbanism and State Property (Ministarstvo prostornog planiranja, urbanizma i državne imovine) | Government of Montenegro | Support during preparation and implementation |
Sampling
MONSTAT has compiled a Register of Agricultural Holdings consisting of a list of selected holdings, updated using available official statistics sources and administrative sources. These sources included the Statistical Register of Agricultural Holdings and the Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2023, and the register of the Administration for Food Safety, Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs.
If it was determined during fieldwork that there were agricultural holdings that were subsequently registered with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, or if information was received from the Census Commission indicating that there were agricultural holdings not included in the register but were required to be enumerated, such holdings were included in the register and enumerated accordingly.
All agricultural holdings included in the Register of Agricultural Holdings were enumerated. As part of the Agricultural Census 2024, the Survey on Achieved Yields of Late Crops, Fruit and Grapes, and the Survey on Livestock and Poultry Numbers were also conducted.
The biggest reporting burden was placed on the largest agricultural units, which were fully covered in the sample and included in all survey cycles. For smaller units, the Classifications, Sampling, Statistical Methods and Analyses Department ensured that the same unit was not selected in consecutive survey rounds.
A stratified one-stage random sampling design was used for the annual surveys of the Survey on Achieved Yields of Late Crops, Fruit and Grapes (crop production) and the Survey on Livestock and Poultry Numbers (livestock production). Stratification was based on groups of variables available in the sampling frame/census, and optimal allocation was applied.
Survey instrument
Two questionnaires were used in the Agricultural Census 2024. Through the set of questions in the first questionnaire (PO - PP1), agricultural holdings were identified and their data was collected through the main questionnaire (PO - PP2).
The questionnaires covered 22 out of the 23 essential items recommended in the WCA 2020.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2024-10-01 | 2024-12-01 |
Reference day:
- 30 September 2024, for livestock numbers
Reference periods:
- From 1 October 2023 to 30 September 2024, for holder/manager characteristics, other gainful activities, labour force, main purpose of production, organic production, land variables, crops, vineyards, nurseries, irrigation, agricultural practices, production of livestock products, livestock (deaths, slaughter, trade), use of animal housing facilities, fertilizers, use of machinery and equipment
- Last three years, for natural disasters and irrigation (use and average outdoor utilized agricultural area irrigated)
- Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Census activities employed 50 staff members responsible for preparation, organization and implementation, and 37 staff members responsible for organizing and monitoring fieldwork. Fieldwork was conducted by 13 state instructors, 47 instructors and 160 enumerators.
In the census questionnaire, alongside structural variables, there were variables which covered plant production, livestock production, and other production-related activities, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1091. This integrated approach was adopted to reduce the reporting burden on respondents and consolidate the budget, thereby improving efficiency.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
MONSTAT has chosen the implementation of elements of Total Quality Management model (TQM) that fosters development and improvement of functioning of the institution, the official statistical result production, and the individual. MONSTAT conducted two pilot censuses (in October 2019 and July 2024), to test the questionnaire, other documents, and implementation of the CAPI method. An online application for instructors was implemented to monitor enumerators fieldwork. A post-census survey was conducted to control the quality of the agricultural census data. This survey collected data that was used to assess errors in the coverage of census units and errors in responses to selected questions but was not used to correct the results obtained from the census. The under-coverage rate found was 0.31 percent and the over-coverage rate was 0.74 percent. Certain data were recalculated according to Agricultural Census 2024, Agricultural Census 2010 and EU criteria to improve comparability following legislative and threshold changes.
Data processing
Direct data capture was ensured by the CAPI method using the CSPro software. Accuracy control was carried out at all stages of the census. Data accuracy control began at the very start of the census. State instructors and controllers reviewed the questionnaires completed by enumerators daily and made the necessary corrections. Data control was carried out online, using a special program (Python) developed exclusively for monitoring and verifying the accuracy of completed questionnaires. After the completion of the fieldwork phase of the census, the verification of data accuracy continued during the data processing stage through matching data with administrative data sources and applying statistical, computational, and logical checks. Data processing was performed using SAS software and Excel. Imputation methods were applied to handle missing data, also in SAS software and Excel. Administrative data sources, such as the subvention for crop variables, data on direct payments in livestock farming and the organic farming register, were used for imputation. This allowed the derivation of missing values for many characteristics based on logical relationships and available information from administrative data sources. Data validation for some questions was done in SAS software and Excel. Also, the validation rules of EUROFARM were used.
Data Access
For additional information on data access and use, please contact the Statistical Office of Montenegro.
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://monstat.org/eng/
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Statistical Office of Montenegro (MONSTAT, Uprava za statistiku Crne Gore) | [email protected] | https://monstat.org/eng/ |
Metadata production
DDI_MNE_2024_PP_v01_M_v01_A_ESS_FAO
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statistical Office of Montenegro (MONSTAT, Uprava za statistiku Crne Gore) | Metadata producer | ||
| Statistics Division | ESS | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Metadata adapted for FAM |