National Sample Census of Agriculture 2001-2002
Nepal, 2002
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Reference ID
NPL_2001-2002_NSCA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Producer(s)
Central Bureau of Statistics
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Identification
Survey ID Number
NPL_2001-2002_NSCA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
National Sample Census of Agriculture 2001-2002
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nepal | NPL |
Study type
Agricultural Census [ag/census]
Series Information
The National Sample Census of Agriculture (NCA) of Nepal 2001/02, conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics is the most recent census of agriculture in His Majestic Government, Nepal. The first census in this country was conducted in 1961/62. Since then, the Census of Agriculture has been conducted decennially: 1971/72, 1981/82 and 1991/92.
Abstract
The National Sample Census of Agriculture (NCA) of Nepal 2001/02, conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics is the most recent census of agriculture in His Majestic Government, Nepal. The first census in this country was conducted in 1961/62. Since then, the Census of Agriculture has been conducted decennially: 1971/72, 1981/82 and 1991/92.
The 2001/02 NCA was undertaken in two phases. The first phase involved the complete enumeration of all agricultural holdings in the country including the area of the holding and livestock number. The enumeration of all the holdings was an integral activity of the first phase of the Census of Population 2001, which undertook the listing operation from May 14-28, 2001. Some questions on agricultural activities were asked to identify the agricultural holding. The second phase of the 2001/02 NCA was the selection and enumeration of sample holdings to widen the scope of the census from January to June 2002. Data on agricultural crops gathered refer to calendar year 2001 while the livestock and poultry population refers at the time of enumeration, from January to June 2002.
The main objective of the census of agriculture of Nepal is to publish data at district level on the following:
1. Structure and characteristics of the holding such as size, agricultural land use, land tenure, land fragmentation, area planted to crops, number of livestock, and others;
2. To provide benchmark data for improving the reliability of estimates from current agricultural survey; and,
3. To provide basic data for national, ecological belts and development regions levels for national as well as sub-national policy, planning and decision making purposes.
The 2001/02 NCA was undertaken in two phases. The first phase involved the complete enumeration of all agricultural holdings in the country including the area of the holding and livestock number. The enumeration of all the holdings was an integral activity of the first phase of the Census of Population 2001, which undertook the listing operation from May 14-28, 2001. Some questions on agricultural activities were asked to identify the agricultural holding. The second phase of the 2001/02 NCA was the selection and enumeration of sample holdings to widen the scope of the census from January to June 2002. Data on agricultural crops gathered refer to calendar year 2001 while the livestock and poultry population refers at the time of enumeration, from January to June 2002.
The main objective of the census of agriculture of Nepal is to publish data at district level on the following:
1. Structure and characteristics of the holding such as size, agricultural land use, land tenure, land fragmentation, area planted to crops, number of livestock, and others;
2. To provide benchmark data for improving the reliability of estimates from current agricultural survey; and,
3. To provide basic data for national, ecological belts and development regions levels for national as well as sub-national policy, planning and decision making purposes.
Kind of Data
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Unit of Analysis
Agricultural holdings
Scope
Notes
The scope of the NSCA 2001/02 is almost the same as that in National Sample Census of Agriculture 1991/92 which adopted most of the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in the collection of data under the following main headings:
1. Identification. Holding and holder identification.
2. Holder characteristics. Age and sex of holder; legal status of the holding; use of produce from holding; whether received agricultural loan and the source.
3. Demographic and other characteristics. Age and sex of household members. Characteristics of the farm population were gathered in the Census of Population 2001 but will be included in the NCA 2001/02 analysis of results.
4. Employment. For agricultural labour: permanent workers by sex and employment of occasional workers. Economic activities of the members of the household of the holder were not taken in the agriculture census because these were already covered in the Census of Population 2001 but will be included in the analysis of results of the NSCA 2001/02.
5. Land and water. For holding as a whole: number of parcels; area; type of land; irrigated land, source of irrigation; etc. For each parcel: area; type of land; type of soil, color of soil; irrigated; area rented from others; whether rented out land; land use (whether arable, land under temporary crops, temporary meadow, temporary fallow; land under permanent crops; permanent meadows and pasture; pond; woodland/forest; and land not elsewhere classified) land tenure; and part of holding made uncultivable due to flooding and/or soil erosion during the reference year.
6. Crops. Temporary crops: name of crops grown and area harvested on each parcel. Permanent crops: name of crops grown for each parcel; number of trees of productive and non-productive ages in compact plantations; and number of scattered trees. Use of agricultural inputs for major crops: type of seed; fertilizers, organic and inorganic: area and quantity of inorganic (chemical) fertilizer used; pesticides; use of irrigation and high yielding varieties of seeds; cropping patterns for each parcel, whether pure stand, mixed crop, or associated crop.
7. Livestock. Animal numbers by type according to age and sex; poultry numbers: chicken classified by sex and for female, whether laying eggs or not.
8. Machinery and equipment. Use of items of agricultural machinery and equipment; number of items; and source (owned by holder, common, landlord, or others).
9. Buildings and other structures. Whether non-residential buildings used for agricultural purposes; tenure and type of these buildings.
10. Ancillary activities on the holding. Existence of forest trees and fisheries on the holding; number of forest trees; type and area of fishing installation.
1. Identification. Holding and holder identification.
2. Holder characteristics. Age and sex of holder; legal status of the holding; use of produce from holding; whether received agricultural loan and the source.
3. Demographic and other characteristics. Age and sex of household members. Characteristics of the farm population were gathered in the Census of Population 2001 but will be included in the NCA 2001/02 analysis of results.
4. Employment. For agricultural labour: permanent workers by sex and employment of occasional workers. Economic activities of the members of the household of the holder were not taken in the agriculture census because these were already covered in the Census of Population 2001 but will be included in the analysis of results of the NSCA 2001/02.
5. Land and water. For holding as a whole: number of parcels; area; type of land; irrigated land, source of irrigation; etc. For each parcel: area; type of land; type of soil, color of soil; irrigated; area rented from others; whether rented out land; land use (whether arable, land under temporary crops, temporary meadow, temporary fallow; land under permanent crops; permanent meadows and pasture; pond; woodland/forest; and land not elsewhere classified) land tenure; and part of holding made uncultivable due to flooding and/or soil erosion during the reference year.
6. Crops. Temporary crops: name of crops grown and area harvested on each parcel. Permanent crops: name of crops grown for each parcel; number of trees of productive and non-productive ages in compact plantations; and number of scattered trees. Use of agricultural inputs for major crops: type of seed; fertilizers, organic and inorganic: area and quantity of inorganic (chemical) fertilizer used; pesticides; use of irrigation and high yielding varieties of seeds; cropping patterns for each parcel, whether pure stand, mixed crop, or associated crop.
7. Livestock. Animal numbers by type according to age and sex; poultry numbers: chicken classified by sex and for female, whether laying eggs or not.
8. Machinery and equipment. Use of items of agricultural machinery and equipment; number of items; and source (owned by holder, common, landlord, or others).
9. Buildings and other structures. Whether non-residential buildings used for agricultural purposes; tenure and type of these buildings.
10. Ancillary activities on the holding. Existence of forest trees and fisheries on the holding; number of forest trees; type and area of fishing installation.
Topics
| Topic |
|---|
| Agricultural, Forestry and Rural Industry |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National Coverage
Universe
All agricultural households having a minimum specified agricultural land area operated by holding (for hill and mountain region 4 anna and 8 dhure in terai) or having a specified minimum number of livestock or poultry.
Agricultural activities undertaken by government organizations, businesses like corporations and other juridical persons were not covered by the NCA.
Agricultural activities undertaken by government organizations, businesses like corporations and other juridical persons were not covered by the NCA.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Bureau of Statistics | National Planning Commission Secretariat, Government of Nepal |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of Nepal | GoN | |
| Asian Development Bank | ADB | Financial support for training |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
A two-stage stratified sampling was employed in the selection of the samples for enumeration to obtain the characteristics of the holdings for the 2001/02 NCA. This design is similar to that of the 1991/92 sampling design, which is a self-weighting sample.
The listing of the wards in each district with the summarized data of the number of holdings and area was used to form enumeration areas (EA's). However, wards containing less than 30 holdings were combined to form one EA. The EAs in each district were stratified according to the number of holdings enumerated, arranged from the highest to the lowest.
There are some VDCs (Village Development Committees) that were not covered by the listing operations or census enumeration during the Census of Population 2001 involving 12 districts. However, some estimates of the number of households and population were prepared by the Population Division based on the census listing or some independent sources of information, in the absence of the listing of households. The 12 districts are: Jhapa and Siraha districts both in Eastern Tarai; Surkhet and Salyan districts in Midwestern Hill; Sindhupalchok and Dolakha districts in Central Mountain; Sinduli district in Central Hill; Dolpa, Jumla, Kalitkot, and Mugu districts all in Midwestern Mountain; and Bajura district in Far-Western Mountain.
The first stage of sample selection involved the primary sampling units (PSUs), where sample enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to size (PPS). The measure of size is the number of holdings enumerated in the EAs during the Census of Population 2001 listing operations.
To measure the importance of each district, the total area under 8 major crops was determined (paddy, wheat, maize, millet, barley, sugarcane, oilseed and potato). Districts were stratified into four groups according to this criterion. Group I represented the 10 least important districts; Group II, the next 15 important districts and Group III, the next 25 important districts and Group IV, the 25 most important districts. The number of selected EAs per district in each group follows:
Group I - 50 EAs per district (total of 450 EAs because one district, specifically Manang district was taken as a certainty sample district)
Group II - 60 EAs per district (total of 900 EAs)
Group III - 70 EAs per district (total of 1,750 EAs)
Group IV- 80 EAs per district (total of 2000 EAs).
The second stage of sample selection involved the selection of sample holdings systematically in each sample EA. Before the sample selection was done, a listing of holdings in each sample PSU was conducted to update the listing during the Population Census. The target number of holdings for enumeration in each sample EA was 25.
The Census of Agriculture sample was designed to be self-weighting within each district, i.e. all holdings within a district have the same chance of being included in the sample. Approximately 5,100 enumeration areas were selected in the 74 districts and about 125,000 agricultural holdings were selected for enumeration. One district was completely covered in the second phase of the census of agriculture because of the few number of enumeration areas and holdings. This is the district of Manang. The detailed stratification scheme done on the districts, the sampling procedures and the estimation of parameters for each district are found in the technical report, which is one of the series of reports prepared for the 2001/02 NCA.
The listing of the wards in each district with the summarized data of the number of holdings and area was used to form enumeration areas (EA's). However, wards containing less than 30 holdings were combined to form one EA. The EAs in each district were stratified according to the number of holdings enumerated, arranged from the highest to the lowest.
There are some VDCs (Village Development Committees) that were not covered by the listing operations or census enumeration during the Census of Population 2001 involving 12 districts. However, some estimates of the number of households and population were prepared by the Population Division based on the census listing or some independent sources of information, in the absence of the listing of households. The 12 districts are: Jhapa and Siraha districts both in Eastern Tarai; Surkhet and Salyan districts in Midwestern Hill; Sindhupalchok and Dolakha districts in Central Mountain; Sinduli district in Central Hill; Dolpa, Jumla, Kalitkot, and Mugu districts all in Midwestern Mountain; and Bajura district in Far-Western Mountain.
The first stage of sample selection involved the primary sampling units (PSUs), where sample enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to size (PPS). The measure of size is the number of holdings enumerated in the EAs during the Census of Population 2001 listing operations.
To measure the importance of each district, the total area under 8 major crops was determined (paddy, wheat, maize, millet, barley, sugarcane, oilseed and potato). Districts were stratified into four groups according to this criterion. Group I represented the 10 least important districts; Group II, the next 15 important districts and Group III, the next 25 important districts and Group IV, the 25 most important districts. The number of selected EAs per district in each group follows:
Group I - 50 EAs per district (total of 450 EAs because one district, specifically Manang district was taken as a certainty sample district)
Group II - 60 EAs per district (total of 900 EAs)
Group III - 70 EAs per district (total of 1,750 EAs)
Group IV- 80 EAs per district (total of 2000 EAs).
The second stage of sample selection involved the selection of sample holdings systematically in each sample EA. Before the sample selection was done, a listing of holdings in each sample PSU was conducted to update the listing during the Population Census. The target number of holdings for enumeration in each sample EA was 25.
The Census of Agriculture sample was designed to be self-weighting within each district, i.e. all holdings within a district have the same chance of being included in the sample. Approximately 5,100 enumeration areas were selected in the 74 districts and about 125,000 agricultural holdings were selected for enumeration. One district was completely covered in the second phase of the census of agriculture because of the few number of enumeration areas and holdings. This is the district of Manang. The detailed stratification scheme done on the districts, the sampling procedures and the estimation of parameters for each district are found in the technical report, which is one of the series of reports prepared for the 2001/02 NCA.
Weighting
The Census of Agriculture sample was designed to be self-weighting within each district, i.e. all holdings within a district have the same chance of being included in the sample. The weight variable, SAMPLEWEIGHT, is available for each of the data files.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2002-01 | 2002-03 | First Phase |
| 2002-04 | 2002-06 | Second Phase |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face paper [f2f]
Data Processing
Data Editing
The data were subjected to the following editing processes:
1. Manual editing and coding were done at the head office after collecting the filled questionnaires.
2. Completeness check after data entry done by a completeness checking computer program.
3. Machine editing by machine editing program.
1. Manual editing and coding were done at the head office after collecting the filled questionnaires.
2. Completeness check after data entry done by a completeness checking computer program.
3. Machine editing by machine editing program.
Data Appraisal
Data Appraisal
A pilot survey was conducted one year ago i.e. in 2000. Training for district officers and supervisors was held in the centre and training for the field supervisors and enumerators was held in districts at the beginning of the field work.
On the average, one hour is taken for filling the questionnaire i.e. schedule. Nepali national language was used for conducting the interviews.
On the average, one hour is taken for filling the questionnaire i.e. schedule. Nepali national language was used for conducting the interviews.
Access policy
Confidentiality
Refer to http://www.cbs.gov.np/nada
Access conditions
Refer to http://www.cbs.gov.np/nada
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_NPL_2001-2002_NSCA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | OCS | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata adapted for FAM |
| Central Bureau of Statistics | CBS | National Planning Commission, Government of Nepal | Metadata producer |
DDI Document version
NPL_2001-2002_NSCA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01