Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2015
Rwanda, 2015
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Reference ID
RWA_2015_CFSVA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
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National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
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Jul 10, 2019
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Jul 10, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
RWA_2015_CFSVA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2015
Translated Title
Not translated
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Rwanda | RWA |
Study type
Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems]
Series Information
It is the fourth time that this type of survey has been conducted in Rwanda. The previous ones took place in 2006, 2009 and 2012 under the overall lead of the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. The results of this CFSVA confirm the findings of the EICV 4 and DHS 2014, namely that since 2006, Rwanda has taken great strides in terms of reducing poverty and malnutrition. Although stunting rates decreased during the past three years, it also confirms that food access, food consumption and chronic malnutrition are issues that still need to be tackled and that they go hand in hand with poverty.
Abstract
The objective of thel Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) 2015 is to measure the extent and depth of food and nutrition insecurity in Rwanda, analyze trends over time, and integrate the findings with those from the recent 'Fourth Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey' (EICV 4) and 'Rwanda Demographic Health Survey 2014/15 (RDHS 2014/'15).
The content of the survey addresses the following questions: who are the people currently facing food insecurity and malnutrition; how many are they; where do they live; why are they food insecure and/or malnourished and; how can food assistance and interventions make a difference in reducing food insecurity, malnutrition and supporting livelihoods?
The content of the survey addresses the following questions: who are the people currently facing food insecurity and malnutrition; how many are they; where do they live; why are they food insecure and/or malnourished and; how can food assistance and interventions make a difference in reducing food insecurity, malnutrition and supporting livelihoods?
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Households
Version
Version Description
V0.1: Edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution.
Version Date
2016-03-01
Scope
Notes
The scope of the 2015 Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis includes:
Village: Topics covered included community infrastructure, market information, agricultural crop calendar, shocks and received assistance. This information was used to contextualize the results from the household questionnaire.
Household: The study gathered information through household questionnaires that included sections on demographics, housing and facilities, assets and access to credit, agriculture, livelihoods, expenditures, food consumption and sources, shocks, coping strategies and assistance.
Women and child: A questionnaire was administered to women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) including questions regarding pregnancy, health, hygiene and food consumption. Questions asked regarding children under 5 years covered the topics of breastfeeding, health and supplements. In addition, for children between 6 and 24 months a section on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) was included.
Village: Topics covered included community infrastructure, market information, agricultural crop calendar, shocks and received assistance. This information was used to contextualize the results from the household questionnaire.
Household: The study gathered information through household questionnaires that included sections on demographics, housing and facilities, assets and access to credit, agriculture, livelihoods, expenditures, food consumption and sources, shocks, coping strategies and assistance.
Women and child: A questionnaire was administered to women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) including questions regarding pregnancy, health, hygiene and food consumption. Questions asked regarding children under 5 years covered the topics of breastfeeding, health and supplements. In addition, for children between 6 and 24 months a section on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) was included.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage
Geographic Unit
Sub-provincial level
Universe
Household members
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources | Government of Rwanda | Technical assistance |
| United Nations World Food Programme | International Organisation | Technical, logistical and financial assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| World Food Programme | WFP | Financial support |
| ONE UN | ONE UN | Financial support |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation | SDC | Financial support |
| UK's Department for International Developemt | DFID | Financial support |
| The Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources | MINAGRI | Financial support |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Health | Government of Rwanda | Technical committee member |
| Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | Government of Rwanda | Financial assistance |
| Ministry of Local Government and Administration | Government of Rwanda | Technical committee member |
| The Heads of the Households | Local Government | responses |
| The WFP team in HQ and the Regional Bureau | International Organisation | Financial assistance |
| Ministry of Disaster Management and Refugee Affairs | Government of Rwanda | Technical committee member |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Rwanda is administratively divided into four provinces (Northern Province, Southern Province, Eastern Province and Western Province) plus Kigali City and a total of 30 districts. Districts are further divided in sectors and cells. To facilitate comparison with existing studies, the CFSVA 2015 was designed to provide statistically representative and precise information at the district level. In addition, it was decided to include both urban and rural households and not to exclude the capital province Kigali. The sampling frame was organized according to the 30 districts. Subsequently, a two-stage cluster sample procedure was applied.
In the first stage, 25 villages per district were randomly selected with probability to be selected proportional to the population size. In the second stage, ten households in each of the 25 villages in the 30 provinces were selected for participation in the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was chosen for this stage. The team leader, together with the village head, listed all households in the village. Based on this list, a systematic random sample was utilized to pick ten households to be interviewed and three reserve households should any of the first ten households be missing at the time of the interview or not agree to participate. Households were eligible for participation in the assessment if living in one of the selected villages at the time of the interviews. Thus, ten households, from 25 villages, from 30 provinces were chosen to participate in the survey, amounting up to 7,500 households.
The sample size was not designed to produce precise estimates for malnutrition prevalence at district level. The primary goal of collecting the nutrition data was to analyse the link between food security and nutrition. Also, information from key informants was collected through a structured questionnaire but the sample was not designed to be statistically representative for villages in Rwanda; the information from the community questionnaire was therefore used for contextual information only.
In the first stage, 25 villages per district were randomly selected with probability to be selected proportional to the population size. In the second stage, ten households in each of the 25 villages in the 30 provinces were selected for participation in the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was chosen for this stage. The team leader, together with the village head, listed all households in the village. Based on this list, a systematic random sample was utilized to pick ten households to be interviewed and three reserve households should any of the first ten households be missing at the time of the interview or not agree to participate. Households were eligible for participation in the assessment if living in one of the selected villages at the time of the interviews. Thus, ten households, from 25 villages, from 30 provinces were chosen to participate in the survey, amounting up to 7,500 households.
The sample size was not designed to produce precise estimates for malnutrition prevalence at district level. The primary goal of collecting the nutrition data was to analyse the link between food security and nutrition. Also, information from key informants was collected through a structured questionnaire but the sample was not designed to be statistically representative for villages in Rwanda; the information from the community questionnaire was therefore used for contextual information only.
Weighting
Taking into consideration the two-stage cluster sampling methodology described above, adjustment weights were computed to provide results representative at country level. The household probability of being selected in the sample is equal to the product of a household’s probability of being selected in a village by the probability of the village of being sampled. The inverse of this probability is the design weight. The design weight was adjusted for the expected and actual number of households in the surveyed villages and was used in the complex sample calculations. The design weight was divided by the product of the total number of households in the population divided by the number of sampled households. The resulting weight was used in all non-complex sample analyses.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2015-04 | 2015-05 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face paper [f2f]
Supervision
All 30 districts in Rwanda were covered by teams of carefully selected enumerators. Steps taken to ensure that the results accurately represent the food security and nutrition situation in Rwanda were: training of enumerators, careful translation of the questionnaires and close supervision of the data collection process. The enumerators were also trained to facilitate interviewee recall and to collect accurate anthropometric data. Respondents were informed that participation was voluntary, no benefit would be affected by their decision to participate or not participate and that the interview was anonymous.
During data collection, team leaders recorded number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and the determination of reasons for non-response and facilitate the linking of the food security and nutrition questionnaires.
A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms.
National supervisors ensured that the study was conducted in a standardized manner
During data collection, team leaders recorded number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and the determination of reasons for non-response and facilitate the linking of the food security and nutrition questionnaires.
A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms.
National supervisors ensured that the study was conducted in a standardized manner
Data Collection Notes
Survey preparation: The survey protocol was cleared by the National Ethics Committee, and a visa request was
approved by the National Institute of Statistics.
Selection of enumerators and team leaders: Survey team members all had previous experience in similar food security and nutrition surveys. The training included 20-30% more personnel than finally recruited for the actual data collection, this allowed the coordination team to select the best enumerators based on their performance during the training. Also reserve enumerators could be called upon if any selected enumerators defaulted. The training consisted of 6 full days of classroom instruction and practice and 1 day of pre-testing of all survey procedures. The assessment managers ensured that all enumerators were fully aware of the enrolment and
consent process as well as of inclusion and exclusion criteria for households.
During data collection: For each selected village, Team leaders recorded the following information, 1) number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and
number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and
the determination of reasons for non-response. A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms.
approved by the National Institute of Statistics.
Selection of enumerators and team leaders: Survey team members all had previous experience in similar food security and nutrition surveys. The training included 20-30% more personnel than finally recruited for the actual data collection, this allowed the coordination team to select the best enumerators based on their performance during the training. Also reserve enumerators could be called upon if any selected enumerators defaulted. The training consisted of 6 full days of classroom instruction and practice and 1 day of pre-testing of all survey procedures. The assessment managers ensured that all enumerators were fully aware of the enrolment and
consent process as well as of inclusion and exclusion criteria for households.
During data collection: For each selected village, Team leaders recorded the following information, 1) number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and
number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and
the determination of reasons for non-response. A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | NISR | MINECOFIN |
| World Food Program | WFP | UN |
| Ministry of Agriculture and Annimal Resource | MINAGRI | GoR |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Three instruments were used for primary data collection: a community survey administered to key informants, a
household survey administered to randomly selected households and a mother and child questionnaire
administered to women of reproductive age in the households. The instruments were first developed in English and subsequently translated into Kinyarwanda. Tablets programmed with the questionnaires using the Open Data Kit (ODK) were used for the data collection.
Village questionnaire:
For each visited village, key informants were gathered in a group and interviewed with a structured questionnaire.
The participants normally consisted of village leaders, members of local government, teachers, health workers and
farmers. In total, 749 village interviews were conducted. Topics covered included community infrastructure,
market information, agricultural crop calendar, shocks and received assistance. This information was used to
contextualize the results from the household questionnaire.
Household questionnaire:
The study gathered information through household questionnaires that included sections on demographics,
housing and facilities, assets and access to credit, agriculture, livelihoods, expenditures, food consumption and
sources, shocks, coping strategies and assistance.
In total, 7500 households participated in the survey.
Women and child questionnaire:
A questionnaire was administered to women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) including questions regarding
pregnancy, health, hygiene and food consumption. In total, 6768 women were interviewed.
Questions asked regarding children under 5 years covered the topics of breastfeeding, health and supplements. In
addition, for children between 6 and 24 months a section on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) was
included.
The questionnaires were developed in English and administered in Kinyarwanda. Careful training was conducted to reduce individual variations on how enumerators interpreted the questionnaire and understood the questions.
household survey administered to randomly selected households and a mother and child questionnaire
administered to women of reproductive age in the households. The instruments were first developed in English and subsequently translated into Kinyarwanda. Tablets programmed with the questionnaires using the Open Data Kit (ODK) were used for the data collection.
Village questionnaire:
For each visited village, key informants were gathered in a group and interviewed with a structured questionnaire.
The participants normally consisted of village leaders, members of local government, teachers, health workers and
farmers. In total, 749 village interviews were conducted. Topics covered included community infrastructure,
market information, agricultural crop calendar, shocks and received assistance. This information was used to
contextualize the results from the household questionnaire.
Household questionnaire:
The study gathered information through household questionnaires that included sections on demographics,
housing and facilities, assets and access to credit, agriculture, livelihoods, expenditures, food consumption and
sources, shocks, coping strategies and assistance.
In total, 7500 households participated in the survey.
Women and child questionnaire:
A questionnaire was administered to women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) including questions regarding
pregnancy, health, hygiene and food consumption. In total, 6768 women were interviewed.
Questions asked regarding children under 5 years covered the topics of breastfeeding, health and supplements. In
addition, for children between 6 and 24 months a section on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) was
included.
The questionnaires were developed in English and administered in Kinyarwanda. Careful training was conducted to reduce individual variations on how enumerators interpreted the questionnaire and understood the questions.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data was downloaded directly from the PDA to an access database and exported to SPSS for analysis. Data cleaning consisted of examining frequency distributions for all variables in order to detect those values which are not logical or possible. Each participating household, child, and woman had a unique identification number made up of the cluster number and household number and, for individuals, an individual number. For some variables, specifically anthropometric z-scores, standard criteria were applied to delete z-scores which were judged to be impossible and most likely due to error in measurement.
Data Appraisal
Data Appraisal
A series of data quality tables and graphs were available to review the quality of the data.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Portals Management Officer | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | [email protected] | www.statistics.gov.rw |
Confidentiality
This is edited data file for public use
Access conditions
These are public use files, accessible to all. The data provided by the survey will be useful not only for national and international stakeholders directly engaged in the fight against Food Insecurity but also for public administration, private sector, civil society, researchers and other experts and institutions interested in the issue.
Citation requirements
"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, Comprehesnive food security and Vulnerability Analysis 2015 (CFSVA 2015), version 0.1 of the public use dataset(June 2016), provided by the National Data Archive.http://microdata.statistics.gov.rw/index.php/catalog".
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | [email protected] | www.statistics.gov.rw |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Copyright
(c) 2016, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_RWA_2015_CFSVA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | OCS | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata adapted for FAM |
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | NISR | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | Metadata producer |
DDI Document version
RWA_2015_CFSVA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01