Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis and Nutrition Survey 2012
Rwanda, 2012
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Reference ID
RWA_2012_CFSVANS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Producer(s)
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
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Jul 11, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
RWA_2012_CFSVANS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis and Nutrition Survey 2012
Translated Title
Not translated
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Rwanda | RWA |
Study type
Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems]
Series Information
It is the third time that this type of survey has been conducted in Rwanda. The previous ones took place in 2006 and 2009 under the overall lead of the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. The results of this CFSVANS confirm the findings of the EICV 3 and DHS 2010, namely that since 2006 Rwanda has taken great strides in terms of reducing poverty and malnutrition. However, it also confirms that food access, food consumption and chronic malnutrition are issues that still need to be tackled and that they go hand in hand with poverty.
Abstract
The objective of this Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis & Nutrition Survey (CFSVANS) 2012 is to measure the extent and depth of food and nutrition insecurity in Rwanda, analyze trends over time, and integrate the findings with those from the recent 'Third Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey' (EICV 3) and 'Rwanda Demographic Health Survey 2010' (DHS 2010). The aim of the survey is to identify the population and location of people vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition, highlight causes and determine necessary interventions and priority areas that can reduce their vulnerability and support their livelihood.
The survey made use of a two stage cluster sampling method. In total, 7,500 households were sampled from 30 districts. In addition, 748 key informant interviews were carried out. Primary data analysis from both quantitative survey and qualitative interviews was complemented by secondary data analysis - through a review of literature; to produce a detailed report.
The report of the 2012 CFSVANS presents the analyses of the state of food security in Rwanda through the three distinct, but interrelated, dimensions of food availability, food access and food utilization. It also describes the nutritional status of children under the ages of 5; by analysing results from the additional nutritional survey.
Lastly, the report suggests recommendations to tackle the issues and reduce the vulnerability of households to food insecurity and malnutrition. Such strategies include improving coverage and targeting of assistance; improving household living conditions and livelihoods; diversifying agricultural production; building household resilience; and improving child food consumption.
The survey made use of a two stage cluster sampling method. In total, 7,500 households were sampled from 30 districts. In addition, 748 key informant interviews were carried out. Primary data analysis from both quantitative survey and qualitative interviews was complemented by secondary data analysis - through a review of literature; to produce a detailed report.
The report of the 2012 CFSVANS presents the analyses of the state of food security in Rwanda through the three distinct, but interrelated, dimensions of food availability, food access and food utilization. It also describes the nutritional status of children under the ages of 5; by analysing results from the additional nutritional survey.
Lastly, the report suggests recommendations to tackle the issues and reduce the vulnerability of households to food insecurity and malnutrition. Such strategies include improving coverage and targeting of assistance; improving household living conditions and livelihoods; diversifying agricultural production; building household resilience; and improving child food consumption.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Households
Version
Version Description
v0.1: Edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution.
Version Date
2012-08
Version Notes
The CFSVA and Nutrition Survey 2012 was designed to produce estimates of food security indicators at district level and covered both urban and rural households. This was not the case for the two previous CFSVA and Nutrition Surveys; the 2006 study was conducted only among rural households of Rwanda whereas the 2009 sample excluded Kigali City and only included households with children under five years (which is common practice for nutrition surveys). Hence only households living outside of Kigali province with children under five years can be compared with the 2009 CFSVANS.
Scope
Notes
The 2012 CFSVANS looks into social protection issues, food insecurity and malnutrition in Rwanda to formulate recommendations so that interventions to tackle poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition can be adequately targeted and designed (including district plans to eliminate malnutrition) and to help monitor progress in the implementation of the Joint Action Plan to fight malnutrition in Rwanda.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage
Geographic Unit
Sub-provincial level
Universe
Urban & Rural household members
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of agriculture and Animal Resources | Government of Rwanda | Technical assistance |
| United Nations World Food Programme | International Organisation | Technical, logistical and financialassistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| World Food Programme | WFP | Financial support |
| World Vision Rwanda | WVR | Financial support |
| ONE UN | ONE UN | Financial support |
| The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Gates) | Financial support | |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation | SDC | Financial support |
| Canadian International Development Agency | CIDA | Financial support |
| Famine Early Warning Systems Network | FEWS NET | Financial support |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Health | Government of Rwanda | Technical committee member |
| Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | Government of Rwanda | Financial assistance |
| Ministry of Local Government and Administration | Government of Rwanda | Technical committee member |
| The Heads of the Households | Local Government | responses |
| The WFP team in HQ and the Regional Bureau | International Organisation | Financial assistance |
| Ministry for Gender and Family promotion | Government of Rwanda | Technical committee member |
| Ministry of Disaster Management and Refugee Affairs | Government of Rwanda | Technical committee member |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Rwanda is administratively divided into four provinces (Northern Province, Southern Province, Eastern Province and Western Province) plus Kigali City and a total of 30 districts. Districts are further divided in sectors and cells. The sampling frame was based on the data from the recent EICV 3 (2010/2011). To facilitate comparison with existing studies, the CFSVANS 2012 was designed to provide statistically representative and precise information at the district level. In addition, it was decided to include both urban and rural households and not to exclude the capital province Kigali. The sampling frame was organized according to 30 districts. Subsequently, a two-stage cluster sample procedure was applied.
In the first stage, 25 villages per district were randomly selected with probability proportional to population size. In the second stage, ten households in each of the 25 villages in the 30 provinces were selected for participation in the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was chosen for this stage. The team leader, together with the village head, listed all households in the village. Based on this list, a systematic random sample was utilized to pick ten households to be interviewed and three reserve households should any of the first ten households be missing at the time of the interview. Households were eligible for participation in the assessment if living in the selected villages at the time of the interviews. Thus ten households, from 25 villages, from 30 provinces were chosen to participate in the survey, amounting up to 7,500 households.
In the first stage, 25 villages per district were randomly selected with probability proportional to population size. In the second stage, ten households in each of the 25 villages in the 30 provinces were selected for participation in the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was chosen for this stage. The team leader, together with the village head, listed all households in the village. Based on this list, a systematic random sample was utilized to pick ten households to be interviewed and three reserve households should any of the first ten households be missing at the time of the interview. Households were eligible for participation in the assessment if living in the selected villages at the time of the interviews. Thus ten households, from 25 villages, from 30 provinces were chosen to participate in the survey, amounting up to 7,500 households.
Weighting
Taking into consideration the sampling methodology summarized above, adjustment weights were computed to provide results representative at country level. The household probability of selection is equal to the product of a household's probability of being selected in a village by the probability of the village of being sampled. The inverse of this probability is the design weight. The design weight was adjusted for the expected and actual number of households in the surveyed villages and was used in the complex sample calculations. The design weight was divided by the product of the total number of households in the population divided by the number of sampled households. The result is the normalized weights which were used in all non-complex sample analyses.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2012-03 | 2012-04 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face paper [f2f]
Supervision
After the training, the 120 best enumerators and team leaders were selected through a test and were sent to the field in teams of four including a team leader.
During data collection, team leaders recorded number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and the determination of reasons for non-response and facilitate the linking of the food security and nutrition questionnaires.
A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms.
Six national supervisors ensured that the study was conducted in a standardized manner
During data collection, team leaders recorded number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and the determination of reasons for non-response and facilitate the linking of the food security and nutrition questionnaires.
A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms.
Six national supervisors ensured that the study was conducted in a standardized manner
Data Collection Notes
Data collection for the survey was conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) in partnership with World Food Programme, UNICEF, World Vision Rwanda, MINAGRI, MINECOFIN, MINALOC and MoH after the survey protocol had been cleared by the National Ethics Committee.144 enumerators participated in a nine days training prior to data collection during which the enumerators were familiarized with the protocol and questionnaires used for the study. The training covered instructions on how to select respondents, conduct interviews and take anthropometric measurements. The training included field testing and practice sessions. After the training, the 120 best enumerators and team leaders were selected through a test and were sent to the field in teams of four including a team leader. Out of the 24 non selected enumerators six were later called to replace those enumerators who abandoned the work (mostly because of health/pregnancy related problems). The instruments were first developed in English and subsequently translated into Kinyarwanda. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) were used for the data collection.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | NISR | MINECOFIN |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Two instruments were used to collect primary data: a key informant questionnaire administered to the village head and other key informants in each of the sampled villages, and a household questionnaire administered to sample households, including an anthropometric section for women of reproductive age (15-49), children under five years, and a section on infant and young child feeding practices intended only for children between six months and two years.
Household survey:
The study gathered information through household questionnaires that included sections on demographics, housing and facilities, assets and access to credit, agriculture, livelihoods, expenditures, food consumption and sources, shocks, and women and child health and nutrition. Some questions in the housing facilities section were replicated from the recent EICV 3 and DHS. This was done to be able to compare the results with those two studies. Out of the 7500 households sampled for the survey, 7498 households actually participated in the survey.
Community questionnaire:
For each visited village, the head of the village was interviewed as key informant with a structured questionnaire. 748 Key informant interviews were conducted. Topics covered included community infrastructure, market information, agricultural crop calendar, shocks and received assistance. This information was then used to contextualize the results from the household questionnaire.
The questionnaires were developed in English and administered in Kinyarwanda. Careful training was conducted to reduce individual variations on how enumerators interpreted the questionnaire and understood the questions.
Household survey:
The study gathered information through household questionnaires that included sections on demographics, housing and facilities, assets and access to credit, agriculture, livelihoods, expenditures, food consumption and sources, shocks, and women and child health and nutrition. Some questions in the housing facilities section were replicated from the recent EICV 3 and DHS. This was done to be able to compare the results with those two studies. Out of the 7500 households sampled for the survey, 7498 households actually participated in the survey.
Community questionnaire:
For each visited village, the head of the village was interviewed as key informant with a structured questionnaire. 748 Key informant interviews were conducted. Topics covered included community infrastructure, market information, agricultural crop calendar, shocks and received assistance. This information was then used to contextualize the results from the household questionnaire.
The questionnaires were developed in English and administered in Kinyarwanda. Careful training was conducted to reduce individual variations on how enumerators interpreted the questionnaire and understood the questions.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data was downloaded directly from the PDA to an access database and exported to SPSS for analysis. Data cleaning consisted of examining frequency distributions for all variables in order to detect those values which are not logical or possible. Each participating household, child, and woman had a unique identification number made up of the cluster number and household number and, for individuals, an individual number. For some variables, specifically anthropometric z-scores, standard criteria were applied to delete z-scores which were judged to be impossible and most likely due to error in measurement.
Data Appraisal
Data Appraisal
A series of data quality tables and graphs were available to review the quality of the data.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Portals Management Officer | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | [email protected] | www.statistics.gov.rw |
Confidentiality
This is edited data file for public use.
Access conditions
These are public use files, accessible to all. The data provided by the survey will be useful not only for national and international stakeholders directly engaged in the fight against Food Insecurity but also for public administration, private sector, civil society, researchers and other experts and institutions interested in the issue.
Citation requirements
"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, Comprehesnive food security and Vulnerability Analysis and Nutrition Survey 2012(CFSVANS2000), version0.1 of the public use dataset(May 2015), provided by the National Data Archive.http://microdata.statistics.gov.rw/index.php/catalog".
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | [email protected] | www.statistics.gov.rw |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Copyright
(c) 2012, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_RWA_2012_CFSVANS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office of Chief Statistician | OCS | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata adapted for FAM |
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | NISR | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | Metadata producer |
DDI Document version
RWA_2012_CFSVANS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01