This study examines factors influencing household food insecurity in Northeast and Northwest Nigeria, using FAO’s sixth-round survey data from 3,441 households across five states. Households with multiple income sources (OR = 0.25, 95% CI [0.13, 0.51]) and male-controlled income (OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.20, 0.65]) had reduced odds of food insecurity. In contrast, larger household size (OR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.03, 1.08]) and drought exposure (OR = 1.73, 95% CI [1.29, 2.32]) increased risk. Households in Borno, Yobe, and Zamfara faced higher odds. These findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive, resilience-focused interventions that promote income diversification.