National Agricultural Survey 2018
Peru, 2018
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Reference ID
PER_2018_ENA_M_EN_v01_A_OCS
Producer(s)
National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, National Directorate of Censuses and Surveys
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Aug 14, 2020
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Jan 26, 2023
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Identification
Survey ID Number
PER_2018_ENA_M_EN_v01_A_OCS
Title
National Agricultural Survey 2018
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Peru | PER |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Series Information
The 2012 National Census of Agriculture (IV CENAGRO) helped obtain a picture of the agricultural situation within the country. However, to periodically update information such as production, use of resources, prices, among others, it is important to have annual or continuous surveys. The purpose of these surveys is to track farms over time, which is not possible with the census. Through the IV CENGRO, it was estimated that 81.8% of farming enterprises are small agricultural holdings whose producers are dependent on agricultural work.
The IV CENGRO was a starting point for developing the National Agricultural Survey as it included up-to-date information regarding the sector's structural variables and it provided enough information for the development of a framework that would enable the development of continuous and specialized surveys regarding the productivity dynamics of the sector in a manner that facilitates the evaluation and contribution of socioeconomic development projects.
The first National Agricultural survey was carried out in 2014. The information obtained from this survey was used to develop indicators for the Peruvian agricultural sector that serve as a baseline, which enable the monitoring of the sector over time. It should be taken into account that the information collected in the National Agricultural Survey continues, this will allow obtaining agricultural information necessary for the requirements of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
The IV CENGRO was a starting point for developing the National Agricultural Survey as it included up-to-date information regarding the sector's structural variables and it provided enough information for the development of a framework that would enable the development of continuous and specialized surveys regarding the productivity dynamics of the sector in a manner that facilitates the evaluation and contribution of socioeconomic development projects.
The first National Agricultural survey was carried out in 2014. The information obtained from this survey was used to develop indicators for the Peruvian agricultural sector that serve as a baseline, which enable the monitoring of the sector over time. It should be taken into account that the information collected in the National Agricultural Survey continues, this will allow obtaining agricultural information necessary for the requirements of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
Abstract
The fundamental purpose of the 2018 National Agricultural Survey was to provide statistical information that enables the characterization of small, medium, and large agricultural holdings. The information from the survey also enables the construction of indicators to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of the various budgetary programs that are within the framework of the Budget for Results that the Ministry of Economics and Finance has been implementing in the public sector, and in this way, contribute to the design and orientation of public policies that aim to improve the living standards of agricultural producers.
The specific objectives of the 2018 National Agricultural Survey are to:
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers who carry out adequate agricultural and livestock practices.
- Obtain information from agricultural producers who carry out an adequate planting orientation.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers who have carried out soil analysis and received technical assistance to implement the results of said analysis in the last three years.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers who have received technical assistance regarding the installation and management of pastures and have applied it in the last three years.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers who have been trained on the installation and management of pastures in the last three years.
- Obtain the percentage of agricultural producers who apply technical irrigation.
- Estimate the agricultural area with technical irrigation.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers informed on agri-food safety issues.
- Obtain a baseline against which to measure the percentage increase in gross profit from sales of small producers.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers organized and managing their organizations' business.
- Obtain a baseline against which to measure the percentage increase in the value of sales of small subsistence agricultural producers.
- Obtain the percentage of small organized agricultural producers who have access to storage infrastructure and equipment for marketing.
The specific objectives of the 2018 National Agricultural Survey are to:
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers who carry out adequate agricultural and livestock practices.
- Obtain information from agricultural producers who carry out an adequate planting orientation.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers who have carried out soil analysis and received technical assistance to implement the results of said analysis in the last three years.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers who have received technical assistance regarding the installation and management of pastures and have applied it in the last three years.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers who have been trained on the installation and management of pastures in the last three years.
- Obtain the percentage of agricultural producers who apply technical irrigation.
- Estimate the agricultural area with technical irrigation.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers informed on agri-food safety issues.
- Obtain a baseline against which to measure the percentage increase in gross profit from sales of small producers.
- Determine the percentage of agricultural producers organized and managing their organizations' business.
- Obtain a baseline against which to measure the percentage increase in the value of sales of small subsistence agricultural producers.
- Obtain the percentage of small organized agricultural producers who have access to storage infrastructure and equipment for marketing.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Agricultural holdings
Scope
Notes
1. Characteristics of the agricultural holding
2. Crops planted and and harvested in the agricultural holding in the last 12 months
3. Agricultural Practices
4. Livestock Production
5. Livestock Practices
6. Food safety
7. Agricultural extension services
8. Organization/Association membership
9. Access to financial services
10. Agricultural production costs
11. Socio-economic characteristics of the household
12. Characteristics of the agricultural holding on the day of the interview
2. Crops planted and and harvested in the agricultural holding in the last 12 months
3. Agricultural Practices
4. Livestock Production
5. Livestock Practices
6. Food safety
7. Agricultural extension services
8. Organization/Association membership
9. Access to financial services
10. Agricultural production costs
11. Socio-economic characteristics of the household
12. Characteristics of the agricultural holding on the day of the interview
Keywords
| Keyword | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| It is defined as the parcel or set of parcels of land that is used either fully or partially for agricultural production including livestock, managed as an economic unit by an agricultural producer without taking into account the size or tenure regime. All parcels must be located within the same DISTRICT. | Agricultural Holding |
| The entire agricultural holding located within a given district, which does not have territorial continuity with the rest of terrains of the agricultural holding. The terrains are separated by bodies of land or water do not belong to the same agricultural holding, each of these fractions of land is called a parcel. | Parcel |
| The natural or legal person that is the primary decision maker regarding the use of resources and has control over the administration of the agricultural holding. The Agricultural producer has technical and economic responsibilities that he/she can undertake either directly or through an administrator. | Agricultural Producer |
| It is any place within the national territory identified by a name and inhabited permanently, usually by several families or by exception, by a single family or a single person. The houses can be found contiguously forming blocks, streets and squares, as is the case in towns and cities; semi-dispersed as a small group of adjoining houses, as is the case of some farmhouses, annexes, etc. or houses may totally dispersed, for example, the houses of the farmers in the agricultural zones. | Population Centre |
| It is the area made up of one or more contiguous Agricultural Enumeration Sectors. A conglomerate has an average of 150 agricultural units. | Conglomerate |
| The agricultural holdings that were interviewed in the 2016 National Agricultural Survey and that are in the 2018 National Agricultural Survey | Panel Sample |
| Agricultural holdings that are chosen to take part in the survey for the first time. | Non-Panel Sample |
| The national land surface located entirely in a district and delimited by natural or artificial accidents that are identified in the land and in a sketch map (rivers, roads, railways, ditches, etc.). The Agricultural Enumeration Sector (SEA) is made up of a set of agricultural holdings. | Agricultural Enumeration Sector (SEA) |
| It is the graphical representation at the political-administrative level of the district, which has been endowed with a conventional symbolism and appropriate toponymy for use. It contains representative natural and artificial accidents, according to the scale of the document. | District Map |
| It is the graphic representation of a part of the district map, where the graphic representation of the SEA or SEAs that make up the conglomerate are displayed. | Sketch Map |
| It must be the agricultural producer or a person 18 years of age and over who has complete knowledge of the management of the agricultural holding, which may be the wife, a member of the producer's household, administrator, foreman, etc., of the agricultural holding. | Qualified Informant |
| It includes agricultural holdings with up to 50 hectares of land planted and the producers who manage them. That is, the individuals in charge of the economic and technical management of the agricultural holding. | Small and Medium Enterprises |
| Each of the parts of a parcel that arise from the subdivision made by the agricultural producer concerning the use of the land. A lot can be found with crops, fallow, pastures, forests, facilities among other uses. In general, the usual limits of lots are the following: Canals, ditches, fences, walls, stone walls, mud walls, internal roads (bridle or trails) owned by the producer. | Lot |
| it includes the agricultural holdings that are agricultural enterprises, livestock enterprises (poultry farms, pig farms, guinea pig farms, fattening centres and stables) and natural persons with more than 50 hectares of cultivated area. | Enterprises and large producers (Special Stratum) |
| An agricultural production unit with legal status whose main productive activity is within the agricultural sector. It is dedicated to the exploitation of the agricultural holding as a result or primary production. | Agricultural Enterprise |
| An economic unit with legal status whose main productive activity is within the livestock sector. It is focused on raising domestic animals for commercialization, mainly made up of poultry and pig farms. | Livestock Enterprise |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Agricultural Holdings
Universe
The survey covers all agricultural holdings within the country that are less than 50 ha and the agricultural holdings that are agricultural or farming enterprises, as well as enterprises and large producers (Special Stratum).
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics and Informatics | PCM |
| National Directorate of Censuses and Surveys | INEI |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation | PCM | Technical Evaluation |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Economics and Finance | MEF |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sampling frame from which the survey sample was selected is made up of the statistical information In the 2012 National Census of Agriculture.
The final sample of the 2018 National Agricultural Survey is made up of 30,806, agricultural holdings, out of which 29,218 are small and medium producers in 2,086 selected conglomerates.
The sample of the National Agricultural Survey aimed at small and medium agricultural holdings comprises two sampling types:
- Panel Sample: made up of agricultural holdings that were interviewed in 2016, 2017 and were again in 2018.
- Non-Panel Sample: made up of the agricultural holdings that were interviewed for the first time in 2018.
The sample of the National Agricultural Survey aimed at large agricultural holdings (enterprises and large producers) is classified into types of strata and sample.
Stratum type:
- Business
- Natural persons (large producers)
- Poultry farm
- Farms and stables (pig farm, guinea pig farm, dairy barn or cattle fattening center)
Sample type:
- Census: made up of agricultural holdings that have were interviewed in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 and again in 2018.
- Sample: agricultural holdings that have been interviewed in 2014, 2015, 2016 or 2017, and other units will be interviewed for the first time in 2018.
The final sample of the 2018 National Agricultural Survey is made up of 30,806, agricultural holdings, out of which 29,218 are small and medium producers in 2,086 selected conglomerates.
The sample of the National Agricultural Survey aimed at small and medium agricultural holdings comprises two sampling types:
- Panel Sample: made up of agricultural holdings that were interviewed in 2016, 2017 and were again in 2018.
- Non-Panel Sample: made up of the agricultural holdings that were interviewed for the first time in 2018.
The sample of the National Agricultural Survey aimed at large agricultural holdings (enterprises and large producers) is classified into types of strata and sample.
Stratum type:
- Business
- Natural persons (large producers)
- Poultry farm
- Farms and stables (pig farm, guinea pig farm, dairy barn or cattle fattening center)
Sample type:
- Census: made up of agricultural holdings that have were interviewed in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 and again in 2018.
- Sample: agricultural holdings that have been interviewed in 2014, 2015, 2016 or 2017, and other units will be interviewed for the first time in 2018.
Deviations from the Sample Design
100% of agricultural holdings in the planned sample were interviewed.
Agricultural holdings with no activity identified in the sample:
It was observed that out of the 28,119 agricultural holdings with either complete or incomplete questionnaires, 1,021 correspond to agricultural holdings without any agricultural activity and 27,098 agricultural units had conducted some agricultural, livestock or agricultural activity in the last 12 months.
Agricultural holdings with no activity identified in the sample:
It was observed that out of the 28,119 agricultural holdings with either complete or incomplete questionnaires, 1,021 correspond to agricultural holdings without any agricultural activity and 27,098 agricultural units had conducted some agricultural, livestock or agricultural activity in the last 12 months.
Response Rate
The rate of non-response of the small and medium agricultural holdings was 0.5%
The non-response rate of small and medium agricultural holdings in the coastal region was 1.0%
The non-response rate of small and medium agricultural holdings in the mountainous region was 0.4%
The non-response rate of small and medium agricultural holdings in the jungle region was 0.6%
An agricultural holding is considered to have non-response if the final response of the interview is: rejection, absent and inactive, or as not having information relevant to the study. 0.2% of holdings had a rejection 0.3% were absent, and 3.5% did not have any agricultural activity.
The non-response rate of small and medium agricultural holdings in the coastal region was 1.0%
The non-response rate of small and medium agricultural holdings in the mountainous region was 0.4%
The non-response rate of small and medium agricultural holdings in the jungle region was 0.6%
An agricultural holding is considered to have non-response if the final response of the interview is: rejection, absent and inactive, or as not having information relevant to the study. 0.2% of holdings had a rejection 0.3% were absent, and 3.5% did not have any agricultural activity.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2018-05-19 | 2018-10-31 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Processing
Data Editing
OBJECTIVES
I. General objective
To establish strategies and procedures to ensure the quality and consistency of the data cleaning process of the information obtained from the ENA.
II. Specific objectives
- Develop procedures and work-flow for the different areas involved in the project.
- Develop systems that provide the necessary support for the proper performance of project activities.
- Guarantee the integrity and consistency of the information collected in the field operation of the project.
- Ensure the consistency of the structure of the data in digital form to ensure the correct digitization of agricultural holdings.
STRATEGIES
- Implementation of a Monitoring and Data Entry System, containing modules of different processes, which provide support to the various project tasks.
- Use of WEB technology that enables access to the Monitoring System "Integrated System ENA 2018", from any place with an Internet connection.
- Application of a decentralized data entry and processing system in each of the operational headquarters.
TASKS TO BE CONDUCTED
I. Development of the Data Entry System ENA 2018
An Integrated System is developed to provide support to the project. This system contains the following modules:
- Tablet Coverage Module
- Segmentation Module
- Monitoring Module
- Data Transfer Module (Export)
- Basic Consistency Module
- Indicator Calculation Module
- Report Module
II. Information Analysis
This task consisted of evaluating, identifying, and fixing the errors and missing values in variables in the dataset. This task is under the mandate of the National Supervisor and is supervised by a team in charge of data processing and methodology in the headquarters
III. Development and analysis of the quality-check indicators
This task entails the development of methodological rules and procedures through which the Monitoring and Data Entry System generates the specified quality-check indicators, after checking the consistency of the data.
IV. Exporting the Database in a Stata or SPSS format
The microdata is generated in either a Stata or SPSS format.
I. General objective
To establish strategies and procedures to ensure the quality and consistency of the data cleaning process of the information obtained from the ENA.
II. Specific objectives
- Develop procedures and work-flow for the different areas involved in the project.
- Develop systems that provide the necessary support for the proper performance of project activities.
- Guarantee the integrity and consistency of the information collected in the field operation of the project.
- Ensure the consistency of the structure of the data in digital form to ensure the correct digitization of agricultural holdings.
STRATEGIES
- Implementation of a Monitoring and Data Entry System, containing modules of different processes, which provide support to the various project tasks.
- Use of WEB technology that enables access to the Monitoring System "Integrated System ENA 2018", from any place with an Internet connection.
- Application of a decentralized data entry and processing system in each of the operational headquarters.
TASKS TO BE CONDUCTED
I. Development of the Data Entry System ENA 2018
An Integrated System is developed to provide support to the project. This system contains the following modules:
- Tablet Coverage Module
- Segmentation Module
- Monitoring Module
- Data Transfer Module (Export)
- Basic Consistency Module
- Indicator Calculation Module
- Report Module
II. Information Analysis
This task consisted of evaluating, identifying, and fixing the errors and missing values in variables in the dataset. This task is under the mandate of the National Supervisor and is supervised by a team in charge of data processing and methodology in the headquarters
III. Development and analysis of the quality-check indicators
This task entails the development of methodological rules and procedures through which the Monitoring and Data Entry System generates the specified quality-check indicators, after checking the consistency of the data.
IV. Exporting the Database in a Stata or SPSS format
The microdata is generated in either a Stata or SPSS format.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Roberto Quijano Luzardo | INEI | [email protected] |
Confidentiality
The National Agricultural Survey maintains the confidentiality of the information collected, protected by Supreme Decree 043-2001-PCM which mentions that the information provided by the sources is confidential and cannot be revealed individually, even if there is an administrative or judicial order.
STATISTICAL SECRECY AND CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 97 °.
The information provided by the sources is confidential, it may not be revealed individually, even if there is an administrative or judicial order. It may only be disclosed or published in an unnamed manner. The information provided cannot be used for tax or police purposes either.
Access conditions
The INEI makes all the information contained in the web site available to users, individually, as an end-user license. Therefore, any commercialization of this right of access is prohibited. The INEI does not undertake to update the information immediately and reserves the right to modify, increase, update, change or correct any omission or information contained in this Web Site at any time.
Citation requirements
The INEI authorizes the use of the information provided as long as the source is cited (Source: National Institute of Statistics and Informatics- National Agricultural Survey 2018). Therefore, copying or reproducing the information in any electronic medium (networks, databases or electronic publications) that make the information available to multiple users without the prior written consent of the INEI is totally prohibited.
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
1. Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM: Regulation of Organization and Functions of the INEI and R.J. No. 108-94 / INEI that approves Directive No. 006-94-INEI / DNEB "Rules for the application of fines, for failure to deliver statistical information, requested by the Bodies of the National Statistical System."
OBLIGATORY
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 81 °.
The Sources of statistical information of the National Statistical System, the natural or legal persons that are in the country, which are obliged to supply the information for statistical use to the bodies of the System, in the form, terms and deadlines that are set. , in forms approved by INEI's Chief Resolution and published in the official newspaper "El Peruano". Likewise, the administrative records of the Public Sector are sources of information.
Exempt from this obligation are sources whose information is considered classified or affects national security.
SANCTIONS
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 87 °.
Natural or legal persons who refuse to provide data, maliciously falsify the truth, or unjustifiably delay the established terms, will be subject to the fines established in art. 89 °, without prejudice to civil or criminal liability that may arise.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 88 °.
The fines will be applied by the Governing Body of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics for purposes of improving statistical production.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 89 °.
In order to punish non-compliance with the requested information, the following fines are established:
a) Natural Persons: from 1% to 50% of the UIT in force on the cancellation date
b) Legal Entities: from 10% of the UIT to 10 UIT on the date of cancellation Art. 93 °.
The payment of the fine does not exempt the sources from the obligation to supply the requested information. Consequently, whether or not the fine has been paid, it may be applied as many times as the obligation is breached.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 91 °
The INEI, through a Chief Resolution published in the official newspaper El Peruano, will make known the relationship of the natural and legal persons affected by the fine; By means of a Chief Resolution, the appeal is ultimately determined.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 93 °
The payment of the fine does not exempt the sources from the obligation to supply the requested information. Consequently, whether or not the fine has been paid, it may be applied as many times as the obligation is breached.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 94 °
The fines will be paid in the Banco de la Nación, in the current account No. 20131369981 that the INEI has opened for this purpose.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM on Statistical Secrecy and Confidentiality of Information.
The INEI does not guarantee the operation of the communications network and therefore does not assume responsibility for the availability of this service. The data server may be disconnected without prior notice. Every effort will be made to minimize the impact of maintenance tasks. Likewise, it is not responsible for any loss or damage suffered by the user arising from access to this server or from the use of information or applications contained therein.
OBLIGATORY
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 81 °.
The Sources of statistical information of the National Statistical System, the natural or legal persons that are in the country, which are obliged to supply the information for statistical use to the bodies of the System, in the form, terms and deadlines that are set. , in forms approved by INEI's Chief Resolution and published in the official newspaper "El Peruano". Likewise, the administrative records of the Public Sector are sources of information.
Exempt from this obligation are sources whose information is considered classified or affects national security.
SANCTIONS
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 87 °.
Natural or legal persons who refuse to provide data, maliciously falsify the truth, or unjustifiably delay the established terms, will be subject to the fines established in art. 89 °, without prejudice to civil or criminal liability that may arise.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 88 °.
The fines will be applied by the Governing Body of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics for purposes of improving statistical production.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 89 °.
In order to punish non-compliance with the requested information, the following fines are established:
a) Natural Persons: from 1% to 50% of the UIT in force on the cancellation date
b) Legal Entities: from 10% of the UIT to 10 UIT on the date of cancellation Art. 93 °.
The payment of the fine does not exempt the sources from the obligation to supply the requested information. Consequently, whether or not the fine has been paid, it may be applied as many times as the obligation is breached.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 91 °
The INEI, through a Chief Resolution published in the official newspaper El Peruano, will make known the relationship of the natural and legal persons affected by the fine; By means of a Chief Resolution, the appeal is ultimately determined.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 93 °
The payment of the fine does not exempt the sources from the obligation to supply the requested information. Consequently, whether or not the fine has been paid, it may be applied as many times as the obligation is breached.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM Art. 94 °
The fines will be paid in the Banco de la Nación, in the current account No. 20131369981 that the INEI has opened for this purpose.
Supreme Decree No. 043-2001-PCM on Statistical Secrecy and Confidentiality of Information.
The INEI does not guarantee the operation of the communications network and therefore does not assume responsibility for the availability of this service. The data server may be disconnected without prior notice. Every effort will be made to minimize the impact of maintenance tasks. Likewise, it is not responsible for any loss or damage suffered by the user arising from access to this server or from the use of information or applications contained therein.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
PER_2018_ENA_M_EN_v01_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office of the Chief Statistician | OCS | FAO | Metadata adapted for FAM |
| National Institute of Statistics and Informatics | INEI | PCM | Promote Quality Statistics |
| National Directorate of Censuses and Surveys | DNCE | INEI | Producer of Statistical Research |
| Centre for Research and Development | CIDE | INEI | Documentation, Revision, Validation of the metadata |
DDI Document version
PER_2018_ENA_M_EN_v01_OCS