Empowering Women in Small-Scale Fisheries for Sustainable Food Systems
Namibia, 2022
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Reference ID
NAM_2022_EWSFSFS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Producer(s)
Molly Ahern
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Metadata
Created on
Dec 01, 2023
Last modified
Dec 01, 2023
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Identification
Survey ID Number
NAM_2022_EWSFSFS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
Title
Empowering Women in Small-Scale Fisheries for Sustainable Food Systems
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Namibia | NAM |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Abstract
To support sustainable food systems and nutrition, the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) provided funding to FAO to support initial project activities in five countries (Sierra Leone, Malawi, Ghana, Uganda, Tanzania) with a focus on strengthening women's roles in the small-scale fisheries post-harvest sector between 2020-2021. In extension to this project, the FAO Flexible Voluntary Contributions fund (FVC) provided funding from 2021-2023, expanding the project implementation to four more countries (Indonesia, Madagascar, Namibia and the Philippines) for a total of nine countries. In general, the project conducted a baseline survey as well as a needs assessment and mapping of women's organizations. However, for Namibia only a baseline survey was conducted, using three survey instruments to capture information from various stakeholders. They include:
Baseline Individual/Household level Survey: The baseline study conducted for this project included individual intercept surveys targeting women as actors in small-scale fisheries value chains. The purpose of the survey was to understand both the individual respondent (i.e., the woman) and her household's involvement in fisheries, how they acquire and consume fish, their experiences of food security and dietary practices, and participation in fisheries governance and organizations. Approximately 300 women were surveyed per country. This study was conducted for baseline monitoring and evaluation of the FVC project “Implementing the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines for Gender-Equitable and Climate-Resilient Food Systems and Livelihoods” (FMM/GLO/155/MUL).
Baseline Focus group discussions: Focus group discussions were held in each landing site alongside data collection using other survey instruments. The purpose of the focus group discussions was to elicit qualitative data reflecting the opinions of women from the same fish landing sites on key issues affecting their work, status, and roles in the sector. This included their opinions of discrimination or harassment against women, their voice in decision-making and ability to influence fisheries governance, changes in gender relations over time, and their access to training, facilities, and assets needed to conduct their fisheries activities. This study was conducted for baseline monitoring and evaluation of the FVC project “Implementing the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines for Gender-Equitable and Climate-Resilient Food Systems and Livelihoods” (FMM/GLO/155/MUL).
Baseline Key Informant Interviews with Individuals (with policy-level influence in the small-scale fishing sector): The baseline study conducted for this project included key informant interviews with those in policy, programme, or other similar levels of sector influence (e.g., Policy Makers, Government, Projects, Programmes working on social and health interventions in fishing communities). The purpose of the key informant interviews was to understand the opinion of respondents on local diet and eating patterns of the community, women's empowerment, and facilities that serve fish workers. In addition, the questions sought to gain an understanding of what is already known at decision-making levels in regards to the FAO SSF Guidelines and knowledge of fishing community's capacity building needs and how learning and technological change occurs. This study was conducted for baseline monitoring and evaluation of the FVC project “Implementing the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines for Gender-Equitable and Climate-Resilient Food Systems and Livelihoods” (FMM/GLO/155/MUL).
Baseline Individual/Household level Survey: The baseline study conducted for this project included individual intercept surveys targeting women as actors in small-scale fisheries value chains. The purpose of the survey was to understand both the individual respondent (i.e., the woman) and her household's involvement in fisheries, how they acquire and consume fish, their experiences of food security and dietary practices, and participation in fisheries governance and organizations. Approximately 300 women were surveyed per country. This study was conducted for baseline monitoring and evaluation of the FVC project “Implementing the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines for Gender-Equitable and Climate-Resilient Food Systems and Livelihoods” (FMM/GLO/155/MUL).
Baseline Focus group discussions: Focus group discussions were held in each landing site alongside data collection using other survey instruments. The purpose of the focus group discussions was to elicit qualitative data reflecting the opinions of women from the same fish landing sites on key issues affecting their work, status, and roles in the sector. This included their opinions of discrimination or harassment against women, their voice in decision-making and ability to influence fisheries governance, changes in gender relations over time, and their access to training, facilities, and assets needed to conduct their fisheries activities. This study was conducted for baseline monitoring and evaluation of the FVC project “Implementing the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines for Gender-Equitable and Climate-Resilient Food Systems and Livelihoods” (FMM/GLO/155/MUL).
Baseline Key Informant Interviews with Individuals (with policy-level influence in the small-scale fishing sector): The baseline study conducted for this project included key informant interviews with those in policy, programme, or other similar levels of sector influence (e.g., Policy Makers, Government, Projects, Programmes working on social and health interventions in fishing communities). The purpose of the key informant interviews was to understand the opinion of respondents on local diet and eating patterns of the community, women's empowerment, and facilities that serve fish workers. In addition, the questions sought to gain an understanding of what is already known at decision-making levels in regards to the FAO SSF Guidelines and knowledge of fishing community's capacity building needs and how learning and technological change occurs. This study was conducted for baseline monitoring and evaluation of the FVC project “Implementing the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines for Gender-Equitable and Climate-Resilient Food Systems and Livelihoods” (FMM/GLO/155/MUL).
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Individuals, Households, Focus Groups
Scope
Notes
The individual-level survey uses a semi-structured survey instrument that includes: Profile of their household's characteristics - Participation in fisheries activities (individual and household) - Fisheries assets owned - Roles in household decision-making around fish-related activities - Experience with food insecurity (Food Insecurity Experience Scale- FIES) -Dietary Diversity (Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women - MDD-W) and fish consumption practices - Post-harvest processing procedures - Participation in fisheries governance and organizations - Gender attitudes about work and decision-making in fisheries and the household.
The focus group discussion survey instrument covered the following topics: - Diet, foods eaten - Activities in SSF - Gender-based discrimination - Empowerment and voice in decision-making - Changes in gender relations over time - Access to assets through facilities at landing and marketing sites - Female-led organizations - Capacity building received or areas felt to be important.
The key informant interview uses a semi-structured survey instrument that includes: - Profile of the respondent's position and knowledge of gender issues and policy in fisheries - Assessment of local diet and food access issues - Roles in household decision-making around fish-related activities - Access to productive assets in fishing - Access to fisheries extensions services - Post-harvest processing procedures - Women's fisheries organizations - The respondent's personal gender attitudes about work and decision-making in fisheries and the household.
The focus group discussion survey instrument covered the following topics: - Diet, foods eaten - Activities in SSF - Gender-based discrimination - Empowerment and voice in decision-making - Changes in gender relations over time - Access to assets through facilities at landing and marketing sites - Female-led organizations - Capacity building received or areas felt to be important.
The key informant interview uses a semi-structured survey instrument that includes: - Profile of the respondent's position and knowledge of gender issues and policy in fisheries - Assessment of local diet and food access issues - Roles in household decision-making around fish-related activities - Access to productive assets in fishing - Access to fisheries extensions services - Post-harvest processing procedures - Women's fisheries organizations - The respondent's personal gender attitudes about work and decision-making in fisheries and the household.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage of coastal areas of high importance to fisheries, including both inland and marine fisheries (where relevant) and both major and minor water bodies. A sample of coastal regions or districts that met these criteria and represented the diversity of fisheries in the country was chosen (non-random sample).
Universe
Individual/Household level: Women who work in small-scale fishing value chains (harvest, post-harvest processing or trade).
Focus groups: Women who work in small-scale fisheries.
Individuals (with policy-level influence in the small-scale fishing sector): Policy-level actors in the fishing sector. This includes government and non-governmental personnel working in fisheries, environment, or gender and development themes that impact fishing communities.
Focus groups: Women who work in small-scale fisheries.
Individuals (with policy-level influence in the small-scale fishing sector): Policy-level actors in the fishing sector. This includes government and non-governmental personnel working in fisheries, environment, or gender and development themes that impact fishing communities.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Molly Ahern | Food and Agriculture Organization |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nicole Franz | Food and Agriculture Organization | LTO |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| FAO Flexible Voluntary Contributions | FVC | Funding Support |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Individual/household level: - Sample size: 300 individuals per country - Selection process: Surveys were conducted as intercept surveys at fish landing sites, markets and within fishing communities. - Stratification: By district and landing site. The target number of surveys per country (300) was divided by the number of landing sites chosen for the study.
Focus groups: - Non-random sample of women chosen opportunistically (based on availability) to participate in a small group, focus group discussions. Typically 2 focus group discussions were held in each district or region where data collection occurred for the larger, baseline assessment of the project. Individuals (with policy-level influence in the small-scale fishing sector):
Survey sampling for key informant interviews was purposive, selecting individuals who were known to be knowledgeable about relevant policy issues impacting fishing communities that were of interest to the project (e.g., nutrition, gender issues, leadership, decision-making). These individuals were identified based on the expert knowledge of the National Project Coordinator with input from the government and influential local leaders. Approximately 10 key informants were surveyed per country, with 1-3 individuals interviewed per district/region.
Focus groups: - Non-random sample of women chosen opportunistically (based on availability) to participate in a small group, focus group discussions. Typically 2 focus group discussions were held in each district or region where data collection occurred for the larger, baseline assessment of the project. Individuals (with policy-level influence in the small-scale fishing sector):
Survey sampling for key informant interviews was purposive, selecting individuals who were known to be knowledgeable about relevant policy issues impacting fishing communities that were of interest to the project (e.g., nutrition, gender issues, leadership, decision-making). These individuals were identified based on the expert knowledge of the National Project Coordinator with input from the government and influential local leaders. Approximately 10 key informants were surveyed per country, with 1-3 individuals interviewed per district/region.
Deviations from the Sample Design
At the organizational level, the individual groups selected for the survey were not chosen randomly, instead, they were chosen for interviews based on their availability at the time of data collection and ease of contact.
Weighting
None
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2022-03-28 | 2022-04-25 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Data Collection Notes
Face to face interviews and focus group discussions with Computer-Assisted Personal Interview assisted data collection/entry via KoboCollect Humanitarian Response.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Individual/Household level: - Questionnaire used: Empowering Women in Small Scale Fisheries for Sustainable Food Systems Individual Questionnaire. - Language: English.
Focus Groups level: - Questionnaire used: Empowering Women in Small Scale Fisheries for Sustainable Food Systems Focus Groups Discussions Questionnaire. - Language: English.
Key Informants Interview: - Questionnaire used: Baseline KII survey - Language: English.
Focus Groups level: - Questionnaire used: Empowering Women in Small Scale Fisheries for Sustainable Food Systems Focus Groups Discussions Questionnaire. - Language: English.
Key Informants Interview: - Questionnaire used: Baseline KII survey - Language: English.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Individual/household level: Data editing took place at two stages: 1. Enumerators visually checked surveys entered before finalizing the survey entry. 2. The consultant analyzing the data for internal reports made visual checks of the data and needed corrections
Other Processing
The released microdata was anonymized by FAO's Office of Chief Statistician, using Statistical Disclosure Control methods, such as recoding of certain variables and local suppressions where necessary.
Access policy
Confidentiality
The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO
Access conditions
Micro datasets disseminated by FAO shall only be allowed for research and statistical purposes. Any user which requests access working for a commercial company will not be granted access to any micro dataset regardless of their specified purpose. Users requesting access to any datasets must agree to the following minimal conditions:
- The micro dataset will only be used for statistical and/or research purposes;
- Any results derived from the micro dataset will be used solely for reporting aggregated information, and not for any specific individual entities or data subjects;
- The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO;
- The micro dataset cannot be re-disseminated by users or shared with anyone other than the individuals that are granted access to the micro dataset by FAO.
- The micro dataset will only be used for statistical and/or research purposes;
- Any results derived from the micro dataset will be used solely for reporting aggregated information, and not for any specific individual entities or data subjects;
- The users shall not take any action with the purpose of identifying any individual entity (i.e. person, household, enterprise, etc.) in the micro dataset(s). If such a disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made of the information, and it will be reported immediately to FAO;
- The micro dataset cannot be re-disseminated by users or shared with anyone other than the individuals that are granted access to the micro dataset by FAO.
Citation requirements
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. A Baseline Assessment for the FAO - FVC project “Implementing the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines for Gender-Equitable and Climate-Resilient Food Systems and Livelihoods” (FMM/GLO/155/MUL) Namibia, 2022. Dataset downloaded from https://microdata.fao.org.
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_NAM_2022_EWSFSFS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_FAO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molly Ahern | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata producer | |
| Office of Chief Statistician | OCS | Food and Agriculture Organization | Metadata adapted for FAM |
DDI Document version
NAM_2022_EWSFSFS_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS_v01