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Food-Security

Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2006.

Rwanda, 2006
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RWA_2006_CFSVA_v01_EN_M_v01_A_OCS
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National Institute of Statistics Rwanda
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Food Security
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Questionnaires
Rwanda Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis2006 Household Questionnaire
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics Rwanda , World Food Programme
Date 2006-01-01
Country Rwanda
Publisher(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Description The file contains the questions related to the household interview and they are based on the following sections: Demographics, Housing and Facilities, Household Assets and Productive Assets, Inputs to Livelihood, Sources of Credit, Migration & Remittances, Agricultural Production, Expenditure, Food Sources and Consumption, Shocks and Food Security, Programme Participation, Maternal Health and nutrition, and Child Health and Nutrition.
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Reports
Rwanda Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA)
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics Rwanda and World Food Programme
Date 2006-12-01
Country Rwanda
Contributor(s) Strengthening Emergency Needs Assessment Capacity
Publisher(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda and World Food Programme
Description The file contains the whole report of Rwanda Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA-2006)
Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1
Introduction ......................................................................................................................2
Part 1: CFSVA objectives and methodology.............................................................................3
1. Objectives and analytical framework ..........................................................................3
2. Sources of data ......................................................................................................4
2.1 Secondary data and literature review sources ......................................................4
2.2 Quantitative Primary Data Collection ..................................................................4
2.2.1 Survey instrument .......................................................................................4
2.2.2 Sampling procedures....................................................................................5
2.2.3 Data Collection............................................................................................6
2.2.4 Data entry and statistical analysis ..................................................................6
2.2.5 Final Sample size and composition..................................................................6
2.3 Qualitative primary data collection .....................................................................6
3. Limitations of the study ...........................................................................................7
Part 2: Country level background..........................................................................................9
1. General historical and political context .......................................................................9
2. Geography, climate and natural resources...................................................................9
3. Poverty reduction and food security policies .............................................................. 10
Part 3: Food security and vulnerability analysis ..................................................................... 13
1. Socio-economic situation........................................................................................ 13
1.1 Population dynamics ...................................................................................... 13
1.1.1 Demographics ........................................................................................... 13
1.1.2 Orphans and other vulnerable groups............................................................ 14
1.1.3 Migration and refugees ............................................................................... 15
1.2 Economic characteristics and livelihoods ........................................................... 16
1.2.1 Macro-economic environment ...................................................................... 16
Economic growth .................................................................................................. 16
Structure of the economy ....................................................................................... 16
External trade and equilibrium ................................................................................ 17
ODA and FDI ........................................................................................................ 18
Regional integration .............................................................................................. 18
Poverty and human capital ..................................................................................... 18
1.2.2 Activities and livelihood groups .................................................................... 19
Objectives and methodology of livelihood profiling ..................................................... 19
Livelihood profiles ................................................................................................. 20
Demographics of livelihood groups........................................................................... 20
Income and activities by livelihood profiles ............................................................... 21
Seasonality .......................................................................................................... 22
Geographic clustering of livelihood profiles................................................................ 22
1.2.3 Living conditions and wealth........................................................................ 23
Housing conditions ................................................................................................ 23
Amenities 24
Wealth 24
1.2.4 Household expenditures.............................................................................. 25
1.3 Literacy/Education ......................................................................................... 25
1.3.1 School enrolment....................................................................................... 25
1.3.2 Absenteeism ............................................................................................. 27
1.3.3 Literacy.................................................................................................... 27
1.4 Health ......................................................................................................... 27
1.4.1 Malaria .................................................................................................... 27
1.4.2 Health of women and children...................................................................... 27
1.4.3 HIV/AIDS ................................................................................................. 28
2. Food availability: the agricultural sector in Rwanda .................................................... 28
2.1 The AgriculturAL Sector in Rwanda ................................................................... 28
2.1.1 Contribution to the socio-economic environment ............................................. 28
2.1.2 Land distribution/tenure ............................................................................. 28
2.1.3 Land management and agricultural input ....................................................... 29
2.1.4 Cropping season ........................................................................................ 30
2.1.5 Production seasonal availability.................................................................... 30
2.1.6 Agricultural production ............................................................................... 31
2.1.7 Other productive assets .............................................................................. 32
2.2 Household access profiling .............................................................................. 33
2.2.1 Methodology for analysing food access data ................................................... 33
2.2.2 Household food access profiles..................................................................... 34
2.2.3 Geographic distribution of food access profiles ............................................... 34
2.2.4 Distribution of food access profiles among livelihood groups ............................. 35
3. Food consumption ................................................................................................. 35
3.1 Food sources and diversity.............................................................................. 35
3.2 Household food consumption profiling ............................................................... 36
3.2.1 Methodology for analysing food consumption data........................................... 36
3.2.2 Household food consumption groups and profiles ............................................ 36
3.2.3 Consumption profiles and food access ........................................................... 37
3.2.4 Geographic distribution of consumption profiles .............................................. 37
3.2.5 Distribution of consumption profiles among livelihood groups............................ 38
4. Household food security and vulnerability profiling ..................................................... 38
4.1 Methodology for analysing food security and vulnerability data ............................. 38
4.2 Household food security and vulnerability profiles............................................... 39
4.2.1 Food security profiles ................................................................................. 39
4.2.2 Geographic distribution of food security and vulnerability profiles ...................... 40
4.2.3 Food security among livelihood groups .......................................................... 40
4.2.4 Food security and vulnerability factors .......................................................... 41
4.2.5 Summary of highly food-insecure group ........................................................ 42
4.2.6 Food Security and HIV/AIDS........................................................................ 43
4.2.7 Multivariate analysis of factors correlated with food security ............................. 45
4.2.8 External shocks and coping strategies ........................................................... 46
4.3 Livelihood food security and vulnerability summary profiles.................................. 49
4.4 Geographic food security and vulnerability summary profiles ................................ 51
5. Food utilization and nutritional status....................................................................... 54
5.1 nutritional status of children ........................................................................... 54
Part 4: Recommendations for programme interventions .......................................................... 55
1. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 55
1.1 Priority areas and causes of food insecurity and vulnerability................................ 55
1.2 Current food aid and non-food aid interventions ................................................. 57
2. Recommendations ................................................................................................. 57
2.1 Food interventions by priority area and priority group ......................................... 57
2.2 Non-food interventions by priority area and priority group ................................... 58

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: CFSVA demographics ......................................................................................... 14
Table 1-2: Poverty profile and categories of households ......................................................... 19
Table 1-3 – Livelihood profiles............................................................................................ 20
Table 1-4: Demographics of livelihood groups ....................................................................... 20
Table 2-1: Factors affecting land distribution and tenure ........................................................ 29
Table 2-2: Food access profiles........................................................................................... 34
Table 3-1: Food consumption profiles .................................................................................. 37
Table 4-1: Food security profiles......................................................................................... 39
Table 4-2: Population in food-insecure subgroups (rounded ‘000) ............................................ 43
Table 4-3: Distribution of affected households by profiles ....................................................... 44
Table 4-4: Reported shock exposure (all, covariate and idiosyncratic shocks)............................. 47
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Vulnerability and food security framework ..............................................................4
Figure 2-1: Food economy zones and sampled economy zones...................................................5
Figure 2-2: Sample size and composition ...............................................................................7
Figure 1-1: Evolution of population density........................................................................... 13
Figure 1-2: Proportion of orphans in population (CFSVA data) ................................................. 14
Figure 1-3: Structure of the economy .................................................................................. 16
Figure 1-4: Provincial poverty levels.................................................................................... 19
Figure 1-5: Estimated yearly income and activities by livelihood .............................................. 21
Figure 1-6: Income classes by livelihood groups.................................................................... 21
Figure 1-7: Seasonality of selected activities ........................................................................ 22
Figure 1-8: Geographic distribution of livelihood profiles......................................................... 23
Figure 1-9: Assets ownership ............................................................................................. 24
Figure 1-10: Average monthly expenditure composition.......................................................... 25
Figure 1-11: Household heads education level...................................................................... 26
Figure 1-12: Education level across livelihood profiles ............................................................ 26
Figure 2-1: Land cultivation by season (% of household) ........................................................ 29
Figure 2-2: Cropping season .............................................................................................. 30
Figure 2-3: Production seasonal availability .......................................................................... 31
Figure 2-4: Geographic distribution of main crop production.................................................... 32
Figure 2-5: Distribution of animal ownership......................................................................... 33
Figure 2-6: Animal ownership across livelihood groups ........................................................... 33
Figure 2-7: Geographic distribution of access profiles............................................................. 35
Figure 2-8: Food access profiles across livelihood groups........................................................ 35
Figure 3-1: Consumption level (days/week) and sources for selected food items......................... 36
Figure 3-2: Access and consumption profiles......................................................................... 37
Figure 3-3: Geographic distribution of consumption profiles .................................................... 38
Figure 3-4: Consumption profiles across livelihood profiles...................................................... 38
Figure 4-1: Food access and consumption profiles cross tabulation ........................................... 39
Figure 4-2: Food security profiles geographic distribution ....................................................... 40
Figure 4-3 Food insecurity and livelihood profile .................................................................... 40
Figure 4-4: Household head gender and food insecurity.......................................................... 41
Figure 4-5: Land access and food security ............................................................................ 42
Figure 4-6: Income classes and food insecurity ..................................................................... 42
Figure 4-7: Education and food security status...................................................................... 42
Figure 4-8: Orphan care and food security status .................................................................. 45
Figure 4-9: Geographic distribution of main shocks................................................................ 47
Figure 4-10: Monthly drought shock report ........................................................................... 48
Figure 4-11: Exposure to shocks and food security status ....................................................... 48
Figure 5-1: Malnutrition across FEZ and food security profiles ................................................. 54
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