Target 2.3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to double the agricultural
productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, and is monitored by Sustainable Development
Goal (SDG) Indicators 2.3.1 and 2.3.2, which are both under the custodianship of the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
While Indicator 2.3.1 measures the average value of agricultural production per labour unit, providing
a measure of average partial factor productivity of agricultural holdings, Indicator 2.3.2 estimates the
average income that small-scale food producers derive from their agricultural production activities.
Among the mandatory disaggregation dimensions of these two indicators there are the size of the
holding (small versus non-small) – which is implemented by applying the official definition of smallscale food producers developed by FAO to enhance estimates’ international comparability (Khalil et
al., 2017) – and the sex of the holding’s head.