Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2016, Nueva serie
Mexico, 2016 - 2017
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MEX_2016_ENIGH_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS
Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2016, Nueva serie
National Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016, New series
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Mexico | Mex |
Survey
Background: The ENIGH has its antecedents from 1956 and 1958 when the General Directorate of Statistics (DGE), then under the Ministry of Industry and Commerce (SIC), carried out the survey Income and Expenditure of the Population in Mexico, and in 1960 The 16 Cities of the Mexican Republic, Family Income and Expenditure. For its part, for the years 1963 and 1968, the Bank of Mexico carried out the survey on Family Income and Expenditure.
In the period 1969-1970, the DGE-SIC again carried out the Income and Expenditure Survey of the Mexican Republic. Subsequently, in 1975, the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (STPS) carried out a so-called Family Income and Expenses. In 1977, the DGE, as part of the Secretariat of Programming and Budget (SPP), developed the National Household Income-Expenditure Survey, a work that constituted the immediate antecedent of the surveys carried out by the DGE-INEGI for the periods: 1984, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016.
The National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH) aims to provide a statistical overview of the behavior of household income and expenditure in terms of its amount, origin and distribution. In addition, it offers information on the occupational and sociodemographic characteristics of the members of the household, as well as the characteristics of the housing infrastructure and household equipment.
The ENIGH is part of the Information System of National Interest (IIN), which means that the results obtained from this project are mandatory for the Federation, the states and the municipalities, in order to contribute to national development.
In 1984, a trend began to broaden the objectives and homogenize the methodology, taking into account international recommendations and the information requirements of the different users, taking care of historical comparability.
Periodicity: Since 1992 it has been carried out biennially (every two years) with the exception of 2005 when an extraordinary survey was carried out.
Target population: It is made up of the households of nationals or foreigners, who usually reside in private homes within the national territory.
Selection Unit: Private home. The dwellings are chosen through a meticulous statistical process that guarantees that the results obtained from only a part of the population (sample) can be generalized to the total.
Sampling Frame: INEGI's multi-purpose framework is made up of demographic and cartographic information obtained from the 2010 Population and Housing Census.
Observation unit: The home.
Unit of analysis: The household, the dwelling and the members of the household.
Thematic coverage:
Characteristics of the house.
Residents and identification of households in the dwelling.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the residents of the dwelling.
Home equipment, services.
Activity condition and occupational characteristics of household members aged 12 and over.
Total current income (monetary and non-monetary) of households.
Financial and capital perceptions of households and their members.
Current monetary expenditure of households.
Financial and capital expenditures of households.
The different concepts of the ENIGH are governed by recommendations agreed upon in international conventions, for example:
The resolutions and reports of the 18 International Conferences on Labour Statistics, of the International Labour Organization (ILO).
The final report and recommendations of the Canberra Group, an expert group on "Household Income Statistics".
Manual of Household Surveys. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Bureau of Statistics. United Nations, New York, 1987.
They are also articulated with the CNational Accounts and with the Household Surveys carried out by the INEGI.
Sample size: At the national level, including the ten-one, there are 93,186 private homes.
Survey period: The collection of information will take place between August 11 and November 18 of this year. Throughout this period, ten cuts are made, each organized in ten days; Therefore, each of these cuts will be known as tens (see calendar in the annex).
Workload: According to the meticulousness in the recording of information in this project, a load of six interviews in private homes per dozen has been defined for each interviewer. The number of interviews may decrease or increase according to several factors: non-response, recovery from non-response, or additional households.
Probabilistic household survey
The Home, the Dwelling, and the Members of the Household
Scope
Daily Expense Booklet
Section 1.1 Food, Beverages and Tobacco
Section 1.2 Public Transportation
Section II. Monthly Estimate
Household Expenditure Questionnaire
Section I. Monthly Expenditure
Section II. Quarterly Expenditure
Section III. Semi-Annual Expenditure
Household and Housing Questionnaire
Section I. Characteristics of the Dwelling
Section II. Residents and Identification of Households in the Dwelling
Section III. Sociodemographic Characteristics
Section IV. Access to Food
Section V. Household Equipment
Section VI. Transfer Time to the Hospital
Questionnaire for Persons 12 Years of Age or Older
Section I. Occupation Status of Household Members Aged 12 Years and Older
Section II. Characteristics and Income of the Main Job for Subordinates
Section III. Characteristics and Income from the Main Job for Self-Employed Persons
Section IV. Characteristics and Income from Secondary Work
Section V. Income from other Work for the Past Month
Section VI. Income from Work Performed Prior to Last Month
Section VII. Unearned Income
Section VIII. Social Networks
Section IX. Use of Time
Section X. Health
Questionnaire for Persons Under 12 Years of Age
Section I. Income of Household Members Under 12 Years of Age
Section II. Access to Health Care for Household Members Under 12 Years of Age
Home Business Questionnaire
Characteristics and Income of Household Businesses
Format A) Industrial, Commercial and Service Businesses
Format B) Agricultural Businesses
Format C) Animal Breeding, Exploitation and By-Product Businesses
Format D) Logging, Forest Harvesting and Product Harvesting Businesses
Format E) Hunting and Trapping Businesses
Format F) Fishing Business
| Topic |
|---|
| Household income |
| Household expenditures |
| Distribution of income |
| In-kind income |
| Transfers of income received and paid |
| Income or measures based on poverty expenditures |
| Consumer protection |
| Consumption patterns |
| Consumer durables |
| Household wealth |
Coverage
National and at the level of the federal entity.
- Urban area: localities with 2,500 or more inhabitants
- Rural area: localities with less than 2,500 inhabitants
The survey is aimed at households in the national territory.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) |
| Name |
|---|
| National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) |
Sampling
The design of the exhibition for ENIGH-2016 is characterized by being probabilistic; Consequently, the results obtained from the survey are generalized to the entire population. At the same time, the design is two-stage, stratified and by conglomerates, where the ultimate unit of selection is the dwelling and the unit of observation is the home.
For the selection of the sample, the National Housing Framework 2012 of the INEGI was used, built from the cartographic and demographic information obtained from the 2010 Population and Housing Census.
This sample is a master sample from which the subsamples are selected for all the housing surveys carried out by INEGI; its design is probabilistic, stratified, single-stage and clustered; The latter are also considered primary sampling units, since it is in them that the dwellings that make up the samples of the different surveys are selected, in a second stage. The master sample is constructed as follows:
Formation of the primary sampling units (UPM)
First, the set of UPMs that will cover the national territory is constructed.
The primary sampling units are made up of groups of dwellings with differentiated characteristics depending on the area to which they belong, as specified below:
a) In high urban areas
The minimum size of a UPM is 80 inhabited dwellings and the maximum is 160. They can be made up of:
• A block.
• The union of two or more contiguous blocks of the same AGEB.
• The union of two or more contiguous blocks of different AGEBs in the same locality.
• The union of two or more contiguous blocks from different localities, which belong to the same size of locality.
b) In urban complement:
The minimum size of a UPM is 160 inhabited dwellings and the maximum is 300. They can be made up of:
• A block.
• The union of two or more contiguous blocks of the same AGEB.
• The union of two or more contiguous blocks of different AGEBs in the same locality.
• The union of two or more contiguous blocks from different AGEBs and localities, but from the same municipality.
c) In rural areas:
The minimum size of a UPM is 160 inhabited dwellings and the maximum is 300. They can be made up of:
• An AGEB.
• Part of an AGEB.
• The union of two or more adjoining AGEBs in the same municipality.
• The union of an AGEB with a part of another adjoining AGEB in the same municipality.
The total number of UPMs formed was 245,279.
Stratification
Once the set of PUs has been constructed, those with similar characteristics are grouped, that is, they are stratified.
The political division of the country and the formation of localities differentiated by their size, naturally form a geographical stratification.
In each state, three areas are distinguished, divided in turn into Areas.
High urban, Zone 01 to 09, Cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants.
Urban complement, Zone 25, 35, 45 and 55, From 50,000 to 99,999 inhabitants, 15,000 to 49,999 inhabitants, 5,000 to 14,999 inhabitants, 2,500 to 4,999 inhabitants.
Rural, Zone 60, Localities with less than 2,500 inhabitants.
At the same time, four sociodemographic strata were formed in which all the UPMs in the country were grouped, this stratification considers the sociodemographic characteristics of the inhabitants of the dwellings, as well as the physical characteristics and equipment of the same, expressed through 34 indicators built with information from the 2010 Population and Housing Census*, for which multivariate statistical methods were used.
In this way, each PSU was classified into a single geographical and a sociodemographic stratum.
As a result, there are a total of 683 strata throughout the country.
Selection of the UPMs of the master sample
The UPMs of the master sample were selected by means of a sampling with probability proportional to the size.
Sample size
For the calculation of the sample size of the ENIGH-2016, an estimate of the mean for the variable of quarterly current income per household was considered.
As a result of the sum of the 81,515 homes selected and 1,203 additional households that were found in those homes, the total amounted to 82,718 households.
Data at the national level show that in 85.00% of the cases the result of a complete interview was obtained, of which 56.00% corresponded to an interview conducted with a direct informant; 19.25% to interviews with an indirect informant; 6.66% to an interview conducted in another ten with a direct informant and 3.08% to an interview conducted in another ten with an indirect informant.
The non-response totaled 15.00%, highlighting the type A non-response that refers to inhabited homes; type B that are uninhabited homes and type C that are homes outside the sample frame, with a share of 7.78%, 6.52% and 0.70% respectively.
Survey instrument
Six collection instruments will be used for the collection of information in each household, four of which concentrate information on the household as a whole.
These are:
- Household and housing questionnaire
- Household expenditure questionnaires
- Daily expenditure booklet
In the other three, individual information is recorded for people
- Questionnaire for people aged 12 and over
- Questionnaire for people under 12 years of age
- Questionnaire for household businesses
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-10 | Training |
| 2016-08-21 | 2016-11-28 | Survey |
| 2016-08-21 | 2016-12-30 | Capture and validation |
| 2017-01-02 | 2017-08-18 | Database Exploitation |
| 2017-08-28 | 2017-08-28 | Publication of results |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
The offices are responsible for carrying out and specifying the operations, where the following processes are carried out:
Information gathering, supervision, capture and validation of information.
To meet the requirements of the conceptual framework designed for the ENIGH 2016, the collection of information was scheduled in nine surveys, each of them organized in ten days. The survey was carried out from August 21 to November 28, 2016. It should be clarified that there were also two complementary activities. One of them had a verification from August 3 to 10, in which a complete rehearsal of the survey was carried out. The other activity consisted of the implementation of a dozen recovery questionnaires, from November 19 to 28, which served to recover questionnaires with no response and lift the workloads that had been pending in previous decades.
Activities during the survey
Each decade is made up of ten days, where specific activities were defined for each day for the collection of information:
On the first day of the ten, initial contact is established with the head of the household, the housewife or with a person over 18 years of age, explaining the objectives of the survey; the information from the Household and Housing Questionnaire is collected; It is probed who is the person or persons who make the purchases of food, beverages and tobacco for the consumption of the household as a whole. And this person or persons are trained in filling out the Daily Expenses Booklet, and it is explained to the informant that people aged 12 or over will be interviewed personally, asking for the times at which they can be reached and making appointments with each of them.
The second day of the home visit is dedicated to asking about the other expenses in the Household Expenditure Questionnaire, probing which members of the household make personal expenses or the payment of some service or other expenses for the household as a whole.
From the third to the seventh day of the ten, the information of all the members of the household is captured in the following order: first, the information from the Questionnaire for people aged 12 or over and the Business Questionnaire is collected and asked about the expenses that this person makes personally or for the household. to make the corresponding record in the Expenditure Questionnaire. If the informant knows the information of children under 12 years of age, these interviews are distributed on the rest of the days. Every day the information recorded in the Daily Expenses Booklet is reviewed and if there are problems in the record, the informant is surveyed.
On the sixth day of the ten, request the monthly estimate corresponding to section II Expenditure on food, beverages and tobacco for the household or to give to people outside the household, public transport, social programs and finally shopping habits, all this is noted in the Daily Expenses Booklet.
On the seventh day of the ten, the Daily Expenses Booklet is collected, once the interviews are finished, the workloads are delivered to the Supervisor; who in turn delivers them to the Chief Supervisor.
On the eighth day, the general meeting is held with the field teams and doubts from the previous ten are clarified; The Chief ofe Supervisors deliver to the REP the workloads of the previous ten and receive the loads of the next ten, to deliver them to the Supervisor.
Control of the sample
To facilitate the control of the sample, each household was assigned a unique identification number at the national level that is made up of two folios: the first is the FOLIOVIV which is made up of 10 digits and identifies the dwelling, and the second is the FOLIOHOG which is 1 digit and identifies the number of households in the dwelling:
FOLIOVIV
• The first 7 digits are made up of the UPM number.
• The eighth digit indicates the ten digits in which the information was scheduled to be collected.
• The ninth and tenth digits correspond to a consecutive number of the home.
FOLIOHOG
• This digit indicates the number of households that live in the house.
Household 1 is the one initially interviewed, which answers the housing section. When more than one household was found in the same household, these other households were also interviewed. For them, the number of FOLIOVIV coincides with the FOLIOVIV of the initially interviewed household, differentiating in the FOLIOHOG which can be from 2 to 5, depending on the number of households that have been found.
Workloads
It was determined that in the ENIGH 2016 the workload per interviewer was six interviews per ten, and the Supervisors had an average of three interviewers under their supervision.
Data processing
Capture activities
The capture consisted of transferring the information from the questionnaires that were fully answered to electronic means through IKTAN, in accordance with the procedures established for the capture process of the ENIGH 2016.
The Person in Charge of Capture and Validation, together with his work team, began the capture of the questionnaires collected by each Interviewer, organized by packages of questionnaires of each page with the result of a complete interview, following the established order:
• Household and housing questionnaire.
• Questionnaires for people under 12 years of age.
• Questionnaires for people aged 12 and over.
• Questionnaires for home businesses.
• Household expenditure questionnaire.
• Daily expenses booklet.
In addition, the IKTAN made it possible to record and know the progress or conclusion of workloads.
Validation activities
In parallel to the capture, the state coordination began the validation of the sheets with complete capture, which complied with the verification of valid ranges. The validation consisted of the application of the validation criteria through the Analyst and ISE processes, with the aim of purifying the data of possible capture errors, inconsistencies and omissions, before releasing them and storing them in the validation database.
Integration and validation of the capture database in central offices
Once the information capture and verification stage is completed, the capture database is integrated. This database was built during the capture and validation process, as IKTAN deposited the validated information directly into the database. Subsequently, general validation criteria are applied in order to purge the files of inconsistencies and omissions between the different tables of the database. Along with this activity, a database of interview results and the number of members of the households who had a complete interview is generated to send it to the geostatistical frameworks area that is responsible for generating the expansion factors, corrected for non-response.
Creation of an exploitation database and generation of tabulations
From the database resulting from the validation process, an exploitation database is generated that contains standardized information for the quarter as well as the derived variables according to the objectives of the survey. Key frequencies and a concentrate of control figures are also obtained to ensure that the file is free of errors and inconsistencies. Comparisons are made with other sources and previous surveys of the survey. Once this last stage of information analysis has been carried out, then the tabulations that make up the different publications generated by the ENIGH are generated.
Data appraisal
For the evaluation of the sampling errors of the main estimates, the "Ultimate Clusters" method was used, based on the fact that the greatest contribution to the variance of an estimator, in a multistage design, is that which occurs between the primary sampling units (PUs), the term "Ultimate Clusters" is used to denote the total sample units of a primary sampling unit.
Data Access
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Article 37 of the Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographic Information establishes that the data provided for statistical purposes by the System Informants to the Units in terms of this Law shall be strictly confidential and under no circumstances may they be used for any purpose other than statistical. The Institute shall not provide any person with the data referred to in this article for fiscal, judicial, administrative or any other type of purposes. |
Public use.
Source: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2016. ENIGH New series. Database.
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INEGI
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| User Service | INEGI | [email protected] | http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contacto/default.aspx |
Metadata production
DDI_MEX_2016_ENIGH_v01_EN_M_v01_A_ESS_FAO
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) | ||
| General Directorate of Sociodemographic Statistics (Dirección General de Estadísticas Sociodemográficas) | ||
| Deputy Directorate General of Sociodemographic Surveys and Administrative Records (Dirección General Adjunta de Encuestas Sociodemográficas y Registros Administrativos) | ||
| Regular Household Surveys Directorate (Dirección de Encuestas Regulares en Hogares) | ||
| Income and Expenditure Survey Subdirectorate (Subdirección de Encuestas de Ingresos y Gastos) | Survey documentation and metadata review | |
| Statistics Division | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Metadata adapted for FAM |